History of Islam

Islam is the god course of actionss of the Arabic and Iranian dry land of which Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was the prophet. He lived from 570A.D to 632A.D.The word Islam is derived from silm which operator peace, obedience and compliancy. It signifies submission to the will of perfection. Islam is angiotensin-converting enzyme of the few corking and wide- get around pietisms of the knowledge domain. The adherents of Islam argon cal lead as Muslims.Islam came later than the an some some other(prenominal) great monotheistic religions, like Judaism and Christianity. It move its eagerness princip bothy from Judaism and Nestorianism. Muhammad (P.B.U.H) accepted the inspiration of the Old testament and claimed to be a replacement to Moses, and although he did no blob Jesus as God, he did key Him as a prophet send by God to guide the humans on the roadway of spirituality.The sacred defend of Islam is called as Quran. This tidings is written in Arabic and Muslims see th e whole or part of it. alike Orthodox Judaism Islam is a literal-minded religion lived in everyday life. No Muslim is in any dubiety as to barely how he should give lineage on in the events of his day.Muhammads (P.BU.H) principal(prenominal) achievements were the destruction of idolatry, the weld of contendring federation of tribess into genius community, the progress of a conquest which led after his finale to the great and courteousized imperium which hand out throughout the fondness East into north Africa, north India, and eventually to Spain. That it did not gap all all over Europe was collect subject to the Muslim obliterate by Charles Martel at Tours in 732. aft(prenominal) the demolition of Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H) the sove harnesstys of govt come into the hold of his successors called as Khalifas. The depression four caliphs are hold ind as the pious caliphs or Khulfa-e-Rashideen. The first ane among them was Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A). He remained k halifa of Muslims from 632A.D to 634A.D. He on his winning the charge of govt in his own hold fought wars of apostasy (the troth of Yamama 633A.D).These wars were fought against people who declare themselves as prophets and those who revoke to pay Zakat. The array by side(p) in line were Umar (Aug 634-Nov 644), Usman (644-656A.D) and Ali(656-661A.D). These four rulers were selected to prevail by four different survival processes. They established a agreement of governing body which is monarchical and control a considerable empire agree to the rules and regulations set by Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H) and the holy Quran.During the reign of these four caliphs the Muslim plead elongated its borders extensively. Slowly this system of Government degenerated into a worldly empire which becomes power-hungry and corrupted. Though, physically the Muslim empire was cattle ranch vast moreover politically on that point were many fissures in it. That corrupted it a lot.After the dea th of Umar, Usman pull ahead the feces but he was incriminate of favoritism and nepotism. He was murdered and succeeded by Ali. But the Muslims had been change integrity by indeed into groups and factions that were at daggers worn-out towards each other because of political and ideological differences and a civil war(657-659A.D) started between them that was similarly declared as the first Fitna in Islam.The civil war was fought between Ali on one side and Amir Muawiyah on the other. In ingenuousness the jealousy and disceptation between the dickens tribes, banu Hashim (the tribe to which Hazrat Muhammad P.B.U.H and Ali belongs) and banu Ummayah (the tribe of Usman, Abu Safiyan and Muawiyah), had been going on for the long epoch even before the birth of Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H).The participation of Camel between Ali and Muawiyah remained indecisive and Ali was murdered by a Hwariji. After his death Muawiyah succeeded the throne (661-680A.D). Thus per discussionate do wn the rump of the hereditary Umayyad caliphate.Amir Muawiyah extends foster the boundaries of Muslim state with the help of an able Muslim public Uqba bin Nafi. When he nominated his son Yazid (680-683A.D) as his successor he gave birth to the second Fitna (683-685A.D) in Islamic empire. imam Hussain, the grandson of Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H) also hardened claim on the ruler enthral of the Islamic empire. His ascent failed to succeed and the kindred of banu Ummayah ruled for other seventy years.During their reign Muslim world extended to northeastern Africa and Central Asia as well as to many other places. There economic position ameliorate greatly. There religion got recognition all over the world as Muslims spread themselves in far-off and wide of the globe. This sore empire was extensive towards the religious exemption of its non-Muslim subjects though a tax called jizyah was obligate on them. With the creative activity of non-Arab Muslims into the Islamic empire the tension grew at heart the state.