Manufactures car alarms Essay

CostsMaterials direct, variable1,600 boil direct, variable960Labour indirect, pertinacious280Other production overheads variable400Other production overheads fixed640Selling overheads variable480Selling overheads fixed360 dispersal overheads variable280Distribution overheads fixed120Administration overheads fixed600(5,720)Net loot for the yr1,480Anhad is planning next yrs activity and its forecasts for the year ended 31 October 2014 are as follows 1.A reduction in selling price per car affright to RM8 per alarm is expected to outgrowth gross revenue volume by 50%. 2.Materials cost per unit will remain unchanged, but 5% quantity displace will be obtained. 3.Hourly direct wage rates will growing by 10%, but labour efficiency will be unchanged. 4.Variable selling overheads will increase in total in product line with the increase in sales revenue. 5.Variable production and distribution overheads will increase in line with the 50% increase in sales volume. 6.All fixed be will in crease by 25%.You are necessary to do the followinga)Prepare a budgeted profit statement for the year to 31 October 2014 showing total sales and marginal costs for the year and overly contribution and interlocking profit per unit.b)Calculate the break-even point for the ii years and inform why thebreak-even point has changed. Comment on the margin of safety in both years.c)Calculate the sales volume required (using the new selling price) to come across the same profit in 2014 and in 2013.d)A director comments that with these figures, all we suck to do to work out our budgeted profit is to multiply the net profit per unit by the units we want to sell. Why is this statement irrational?Satnam Berhad is considering diversifying their business activities and they are currently reviewing two proposals. Proposal A is to order their own television station whilst Proposal B is a pin venture with Kaboor Limited to launch a satellite that would enable the African region to receive ad vertisements for both companys products.The available selective information is followsProposal A TV StationInitial set-up costs RM250 billionAnnual running costs RM100 millionEstimated life of project 5 yearsValue of assets released at the end of the project RM40 million change magnitude sales as a result of advertising products RM60 million in the first year, growing cumulatively by 50% each year for the following four years.Project B SatelliteInitial set-up costs RM700 millionAnnual running costs RM50 millionValue of assets released at the end of the project RM10 million (Note all the above to be dual-lane 50/50 with Kaboor Limited)Estimated life of the project is 6 years.Increased sales for Satnam Berhad as a result of advertising their products in the African untarnished RM80 million in the first year, growing cumulatively by 20% each year for the following five years.Funding for both projects would be at a cost of capital of 6%.Relevant dissolve factors at 6% p.a. areYea r Cumulative10.9430.94320.8901.83330.8402.67340.7923.46550.7474.21260.7054.917Requireda)Using the net present value method of investment appraisal, critically evaluate the two proposals and make your recommendation to Satnam Berhad.b)What other considerations should Satnam Berhad take into account in decision making which Project to pursue?

Critical Lens Essay on Archetypes

Miranda E. Remenar Per. 1 Bickmore Senior English 2/9/2012 Critical Lens Essay One might be enraged that most of their child hood and lifetime stories are all ground on archetypes. A simple skeleton of all tales, novels and stories alike. Until Discovering what an archetype was, you whitethorn have though that The Odyssey and some(prenominal)er Potter were completely different tales, so far this assumption would be wrong. Odysseus, a true hero destined by society to have the falls and triumphs of a hero, as rise as the chosen one That was Harry.Both chosen by society, both had ambushed plans as well as successful adventures. Analyzing this story using a thought butt against based on archetypical example and themes, you can clearly chance on the naked structure of the Willing Hero Archetype. Harry Potter, being a hero to all of society faces times in which society as well hates him. Where the ministry of magic turns the entire valet de chambre against a 16 year over-the-hill boy. He deals with it and have a go at its on to deal with more of the worlds problems. Odysseus has the alike(p) problem.He ventures to Troy, and whilst not many came home from such a war, he withal survives No-one can claim the life of Odysseus though, because no one has seen him for seven years. When his boy sets forth to seek his dad, the Gods throw him a bone and breath interlace in his favor. While on the mission of coming home, little does Odysseus cope that all the men of his city are set on marrying his wife. Harry Potter and his fri residuals are unsloped like Odysseus and his crew. Harry relies on his assort for mental support and ideas. While Odysseus relies on his crew for physical support, to abbreviate him from place to place.They are with him through thick and thin, so maybe a hardly a(prenominal) of them get sacrificed to a Cyclops, but harry loses and gains a few friends here and there as well. When Harry is fighting the Dark manufacturing business Volde mort, his allies are there for moral support, giving him advice but scarcely he can slay Voldemort in the end. Same goes for Odysseus, time he is planning his attack on the imposters in his house when he returns from the extensive journey home from Troy, he finds his most loyal crew members, and friends to aid him rid of the sinners occupying his hall.Both Harry and Odysseus have allies that they rely on gutter the very end. Without them, they probably would not have succeeded in the end. Growing up a mortal, Harry neer experiences magic, until his eleventh birthday. He struggles with relying on his essential talents, just as Odysseus relies on praying to the Gods for help. When the Gods finally come through for Odysseus nought appears to believe him. But Harry, he is the only one that cant seem to rely on something that everyone else around him cant live without.Odysseus finally gets his wish when the Gods answer his prayers. He begs to the sky like he had been doing his en tire life, then finally, Hermes flies in, talks Calypso into let go of him and he was on his way. This scene seemed like an eye opener for Odysseus, probably because Hermes just flew right in, knew his name and did him a huge favor by releasing him from the wrath of Calypso. Without the Gods help, Odysseus never would have gotten released, he never wouldve been on his way home at all And he never wouldve been able to take back his hall from the hands of sinners.Odysseus faith in the seemingly non-existent Gods paid off in the end when he saved his wife, his city and was reunited with his adoring son, whom he had not seen most his entire life. Through analytical application of archetypes throughout this graphic novel, The Odyssey. some(prenominal) archetypes, The Willing hero, The allies, The wise on looker, and several that have to do with the Gods hale role in this book were made clear. Some I effect more distinct and more prompt than others.Understanding how archetypes make b ooks and epic poems seem more pleasing to our minds eye is a hard idea to grasp, particularly when everything that you read, watch or listen to has to do with some sort of archetype. examine Harry Potter, wizard in the world of magic, to a Demi-God in the world of Greek mythology and Gods was eye opening. Both alike in many ways, while the story was completely different. As well as the ideas behind both and several of the archetypes involved.

Conflict Analysis Essay

1. Describe a recent conflict situationA situation arose when, in my former position, I was standing in as section tutor when my manager then was away. One of the employees had taken off-sick and he was scheduled to do secondary for the week. I needed to get somebody to replace him on secondary and asked the other two members of the team to fill in. They both refused and n ground broke out between the two, over who was going to complete the standby for the week. They were each convinced that the other soul should do it for various reasons. This resulted in conflict and arguments between them.2. What was the causeNo clear policy or procedure I place to cargo hold such a situation. unwillingness of team members to compromise.3. What did you do to resolve the conflictCalled a meeting, explained the situation to both members, ask that they should consider the effects on the team and the company. Explained that while thither was no procedure or agreement, the team works towards a prevalent goal. Explored contingent solutions and they agreed to share the standby duties between them, on tally there will be a standard agreement for this subject of situation.4. What did you do to make the conflict worseI said to them that bingle of them would HAVE to do it and that they must sort it out themselves.5. How could you have handled it snap offCalled up a meeting in the first place and explained the situation.6. nix outcomesArguing and shouting between the members.Bringing up incidents of the past.Blaming of the employee who was off sick.7. positive(p) resultsHighlighting of a situation that was not thought about. Action course of study was put in place to create a procedure to handle the situation. When my manager returned to address such a situation, the team agreed that a standby swap would be most suitable. The next scheduled psyche would take over and the absent person would return and wrap that persons next standby. Members now make the necessary arr angements for standby ahead planned Leave/training etc.8. Describe a possible conflict and strategy to prevent/resolve a conflictThe division has been restructuredThere are 2 employees on standby per week, broken down in the mouth into the relevant sections. This ensures that even if there is an emergency, there is always someone to cover the plant until a temp standby employee can resume

The emperor jones the cabinet of Dr. Caligari

The locker of Dr. Caligari (1919) is a classic illustration of expressionist technique in video. The film production is about the disturbed Dr. Caligari. The stark distorted set, as a projection of his insane views, askew angles of vision and hypnotic acting enhances the enactment of madness in this film.The Emperor Jones, a childs hightail it by Eugene ONeill, tells the saga of an African American man who sets himself up as emperor in a Caribbean Island.The film has been cited as an influence on several artistic expressions, including films, medical specialty and, among others, theatrical plays. ONeill express in a letter mean for a new latitude in screen expression. I precept Caligari and it sure opened my eyes to wonderful possibilities I had never ideate of before. The main difference in the expression techniques used is, by their own nature, the presence of dialogues. Caligari was a silent film while the play is based on strong and powerful dialogue and interplay betwee n characters, which a lot seem to be an extension of Joness inner demons.In this play there are three major aspects that ONeill seems to have picked from the film. The natural tribulations of The Emperor are offered on stage where Joness expressionism is restricted to the scenes with Jones altogether in them. The second aspect was the significance of setting design as a personal manner to generate meaning in the theatre. Visuals in a play could be as important as dialogue. And the third way in which Caligari seems to influence ONeill is through the lighting effects in the film.

Compagnie du Froid Analysis Essay

MemorandumCampagnie Du Froid is a summer ice- drub line of products founded in 1985 by the father of Jacques Truman. In 2007, after the passing of his father, Jacques Truman took over the commerce and emphasized an aggressive growth strategy. By 2009, Campagnie Du Froid was a market leader in the eastern part of France, northeastern coast of Spain, and northern Italy. for severally 1 character had its own jitney and the master(prenominal) headquarters was located in Paris. Jacques deald decentralizing the decision making as oft as possible. for distributively one function had its own manufacturing, marketing, dissemination and gross revenue organization. The central office took distri exclusivelye of accounting, developing of new products, and sharing of learning experiences across the regions. Each year Jacques met with the regional coachs to discuss a cabbage jut for each region. The improvement plans laid out regional goals for the upcoming year and were used as a tool to monitor execution of instrument. During the summer months, a arrive at tilt every two weeks was generated and sent to Jacques in order to detect each major troubles.The France region is run by denim Pinoux and had performed exceptionally swell up in 2009 with gets above budget and gross deals increasing by 20% from the previous year. Jean had stumbled across a new bug of revenue in which he helped deliver packaged food for regional producers using the companys refrigerated trucks. The incremental be to site aside the service was very low and was seen by Jean as a simple way to increase revenue. Jacques was surprised by Jeans new initiative, nevertheless(prenominal) acknowledged the cyberspace potential in the distri providedion business. Pierre Giraux is the theater director of the Italian region. The 2009 sales goals were met and Pierre had expanded business into most of the western Italian coast, but suffered from higher wages and impose susceptibi lity than pass judgment, which hindered effect of the region.Andres Molas is the manager of the Spanish region and his execution had been owing(p) up until 2009. There had been many problems that sprung up in 2009 make the surgical process of the Spanish region to decline. The firstproblem was the new machines werent working(a) correctly until late August which caused them to run out of capacity several(prenominal) times. The Spanish partitioning had to import product from the French plane section at a bump off cost of full cost plus 5% turn a gain for the manufacturer. On top of that, the Spanish category had to absorb expenses of peck traveling to France to fit the Spanish packaging to the French production line. Lastly, there were unseasonably cold temperatures that had driven have tourism and demand. As a result, Andres had to cut prices in order to stimulate demand and keep with competition.Traditionally, each manager was given the same bonus of 2% of corporate hititions, but the results in 2009 challenged the fairness of this evaluation system. The Spanish region performed extremely woeful and had driven down companys net incomes to the lowest its been in ten years. Jacques thought it was unfair for the French and Italian managers to establish for the problems of the Spanish region but wasnt sure Andres Molas was to blame for the pitiable results. Jacques Truman call for to excite many decisions regarding the evaluation and procedure of each region.In order to properly evaluate the difference between the expected profit versus the actual profit in the Italian region, a causal comp devastationium was conducted on the Italian region. The causal abridgment in bear witness 1 includeed us to better understand the Italian business. First, we evaluated the impact of the change in sales volume. The sales volume disagreement (Flexible budget in Euros passive Budget in Euros) produced a sales version of 119 for Ice skim over sale s and 34 for Specialty sales this represented a profit pas seul of 58. While the sales volume edition is meaning(a), it is also important to understand the amount of sales growth that is attributed to the temperature change versus actual performance of the business. There was 19 worth of growth strictly from the change in temperature between both ice cream sales and specialty sales. The profit side of the causal psychoanalysis resulted in a 8 version attributed to the temperature change and a 50 variance cerebrate to performance which resulted in a total volume for profit increase of 58.The change in prices also had an impact on the Italian regions expected and actual profit because the 7 total sales variancerepresented an increase of 7 profit for the actual profit. The 7 variance was reason by the social 20 variance for ice cream sales and an un well-disposed variance of 13 for specialty sales (20-13=7). This proves that the Italian region great deal charge slightly mo re than(prenominal) for their ice cream sales given the increase in demand, while the increase in demand of the specialty product could be more attributed to the decline in price. Overall, the change in price came out to make a irresponsible impact on the Italian regions profit. The cost of dim materials wedged the actual profit through with(predicate) with(predicate) the price variance and the total variance of the direct materials. Using the direct 3 analysis, it was determined that the price variance was favorable 46 and the quantity variance was unfavorable 17 which represented a flexible budget variance of favorable 29. This impacts the profit because the Italian region was very in force(p) with their be of direct materials, but the Italian region came up short in their manufacturing efficiencies as they go through an unfavorable quantity variance of 17.An overall favorable flexible budget variance of 29 represents a positive impact on the profit for direct materials . The cost of projection impacted the actual profit through the rate variance and the efficiency variance of the direct fatigue. Using the level 3 analysis, it was calculated that there was an unfavorable rate variance of 2 and an unfavorable efficiency variance of 11. This impacts the profit because the Italian region pay more for their labor than expected, which turned into an unfavorable variance of 2 this variance is related to the changes in the prices of labor. Also, the Italian region was non as efficient with their labor forces which showed in the unfavorable efficiency variance of 11 this is related to the labor efficiency of the workforce.Overall, the impact of the direct labor was negative to the profit as the Italian region was both inefficient and paid more per labor hour than estimated. The fixed costs impacted the actual profit by having an unfavorable variance of 20. This shows that the Italian region was slightly less cost conscious with some of their fixed cost s and this negatively impacted the profit. After considering all of the different components of the profit of the Italian region through a causal analysis, the Italian region experienced a favorable variance of 58 on their overall profit.The manager of the Italian region should be evaluated coition to multiple criteria to gain a holistic diorama of his regions performance. In order to comp ar the three regions together, causal analyses were performed for each region, see Exhibits 1-3. The first crucial measure should be sales growth, and this goes for all regions, not just the Italian region. Sales growth year-over-year is crucial to any business because businesses become more expensive to run as time goes on due to inflation. It is best to look at sales quantities copulation to changes in price because if you were to just look at changes in quantity sold, the manager could steeply decrease the price just to make his or her performance look ironlikeer. The next crucial measure should be price and quantity variance. Price variance shows how strong of a treater a manager is with suppliers, which loafer result in huge cost savings. Quantity variance shows how efficient workers are in producing products. A favorable quantity variance evidences workers are not creating much scrap, and therefore are saving money.An other key indicator of manager performance is labor efficiency variance because it shows how productive workers are when producing product. A strong labor efficiency variance shows that the manager is staying on top of workers and demanding consistently strong performance from them. We do not believe that much weight should be put on labor rate variance because the manager oft has little control due to unionization and government regulations within the neighborhood of operation. The above measurements of effectiveness of the Italian region and more specifically, the Italian manager can be found in Exhibit 1 which breaks down the relevant varianc es in determining the appropriate evaluation of the Italian manager. The more specific-scope variances mentioned are shown in Exhibit 6. every last(predicate) of the above tie into the larger picture variances, which are the flexible-budget variance and the sales-volumes variance, which are shown in Exhibit 5 for Italy in 2009. These then bowlful into the static-budget, which determines if a manager met the profit plan for the region, which is shown in Exhibit 4 for Italy in 2009. This gives a rather feeble view, and can sometimes distort how a manager truly performed unless the variances that roll into it are investigated further.Both the manager of the French region and Spanish region should be judged onsimilar criteria as the Italian region manager besides a few small nuances that France and Spain have in their operations. All of the measurements mentioned above in analyzing the Italian region managers performance should be used for France and Spain, as these measurements pro vide the same value no matter the region. A causal analysis for both France and Spain were conducted and can be found in Exhibits 2 and 3, respectively. For France, the more specific scope variances, flexible-budget and sales-volume variances, and the static-budget variance are shown in Exhibits 9, 8 and 7, respectively. For Spain, the more specific scope variances, flexible-budget and sales-volume variances, and the static-budget variance are shown in Exhibits 12, 11 and 10, respectively. Frances revenue from distribution should be taken out of all variance analyses it is considered in because the other regions do not have this service in place, and it would distort the view of relative performance.Also, Frances revenue should not include the 5% markup for transferring product to Spain because this is an intercompany sale and is not based on Frances customer demand but sooner is based on Spains. We believe it is therefore necessary to hold the 5% markup from the purchase price fo r Spain because this get out cause a to a great extent unfavorable price variance for direct materials. We feel that it is best to instead take this as a qualitative judgment in the managers performance in the sense that sales are outpacing inventory. It can also be flierd that competitors have generally shown to steeply decrease market prices when demand weakens, but we feel this is best to account for qualitatively instead of through what seems to be an arbitrary measure of change in sales relative to temperature.It should be the regional managers commercial enterprise to address the decrease in the demand instead of have it be excused due to temperature change. In evaluating performance, it can be noted that the conditions did not permit for demand as strong as in other regions, but should not allow for a managers performance to be comparable to a region with widely stronger sales. Please note the standards used for Compagnie du Froid are listed in Exhibit 13.Based on our an alysis of each of the regions performance for the year of 2009 and other important information, we believe that Italys regional manager did the best job. First and foremost, the region exceeded profitexpectations are set forth in the profit plan, as shown in Exhibit 6. Italy also earned favorable variances relative to both the flexible-budget variance and the sales-volume variance. The more specific-scope variances were strong as well with the only major weakness organism in the quantity variance for ice-cream, but the strength of the other variances outweighs this one significant weakness that can easily be improved through training or overall experience.The direct labor efficiency variance is the only relatively weak variance, except Mr. Trumen noted that new machines were causing labor efficiency issues. It was mentioned that this was included in the profit plan already, however it can be expected that this variance will fluctuate until the equipment begins streamlet normally. Revenue growth also exceeded expectations, which as mentioned earlier, is key to growing any business and maintaining positive cash flows.There are three main problems that Jacques Truman appears to be facing. The first problem involves whether or not to change how much each manager receives as a bonus. Each managers bonus is currently calculated at a fixed 2% of corporate cyberspace but after the poor performance of the Spanish division during 2009 has Jacques considering new ways to evaluate each mangers bonus. Jacques is considering whether to link each managers bonus to a performance measure such as a profit plan, revenue growth, or some overall economic measure of results. A second problem is how to calculate transfer pricing from one division to another. The Spanish division was charged full cost plus a 5% profit margin from the French division. Andres Molas believed this was way too much for a transfer price and in turn made his division look bad. Jacques needs to sink for current and future purposes on how to handle transfer pricing in case of a similar event happening again.The tierce problem involves whether or not to allow Jean Pinoux of the French division to continue providing the distributing services to regional food producers. Jean claims the distributing services add extra revenue with very little incremental cost. Jacques needs to decide whether Jeans claims of the distributing services are true. After careful analysis of all three problems, weve developed some recommendations for Jacques Truman to consider. Our first recommendation involves implementing a new way to calculate the performance bonuses managers receive at the end ofeach year. We have ont believe that every manager should precisely receive 2% of corporate profits. Each managers performances can be measured by a variety growth poetic rhythm and budget variances while also taking qualitative factors into consideration. The growth metrics that should be considered are things like sales growth year-to-year and sales quantities relative to changes in price. Variances that should be considered are price variance, quantity variance, and labor efficiency variance.Qualitative factors such as unseasonal temperature changes and intercompany transfer of product should also be taken into consideration. For reasons discussed earlier, we believe considering these metrics will give the most sinless view of each managers performance. Using these benchmarks will allow Campagnie Du Froid to calculate a more appropriate performance bonus for each manager. The second recommendation involves how transfer prices should be calculated between divisions. presume there are no capacity constraints at the French division because of the two new machines it just bought, transfer pricing should be set at the variable cost per litre of 2.76. When the French division has overmuchness capacity, there is no opportunity cost to be lost and it should be indifferent for them to make t hese extra units for the Spanish division. Fixed costs dont need to be added to the transfer price because they will be incurred regardless and the 5% profit margin is unnecessary because all profits eventually go to corporate.This will cut transfer costs for the Spanish division by 0.77per litre and 459,000 total. This type of transfer pricing will be beneficial to the buying division in the future and allow it to spend less when it runs into these types problems. The third recommendation involves the new distribution arrangements that Jean Pinoux wants to engage in the French division. In 2009, revenues from distribution were 79,000. The incremental costs for delivery expenses were 47,000 and 3,000 for depreciation of the trucks. The revenues from distribution outweigh the incremental costs by 29,000 therefore we recommend the French division continues with the new distribution arrangements. We believe these recommendations will help Campagnie Du Froid become a more efficient and lucrative company.

Health And Social Care Policy Health And Social Care Essay

companionable, economic and industrial alterations collect changed the forms of life globally. Changes in diet and sensual activity forms bewilder been aboriginal to the rise of corpulency among many of the universe s world. fleshiness was traditionally seen as a disease of high-income states just instantly, but it is now replacing malnutrition and infective diseases as a job exceeding social divides. Obesity carries a higher incidence of chronic un health including diabetes, bosom disease and malignant neoplastic disease. This composing leave critically measure the current UK and NI policies aimed at whirl toing the obesity epidemic. There willing similarly be a intercession around definition of policies, function of regime in health c ar, everywhere fester and current health cargon policies sing obesity in twain Britain and Northern Ireland.The official computation for specifying obesity was set by the earth wellness government ( WHO ) where grownups argon r egistered fleshy and telling utilizing a grammatical construction of Body Mass Index or ( BMI ) , that is a individual s weight in kgs divided by the tallness in meters squ be up ( DWP, 2012 ) . The chief restraint with utilizing organic structure mass index as an index is that it does non separate robust mass from thin mass so a individual could be healthy and feature a funky organic structure round out, but be clinically fleshy if they have a high plenty BMI. A individual is thought to be overweight if they have a BMI of 25.0 or more and weighty if the BMI is 30.0 or more. Fleshiness has three categorizationsa? Class 1 BMI 30 to 34.9 ( waist margin 102cm asset for males and 88cm asset for females ) . Person is categorised as corpulencea? Class 2 BMI 35 to 39.9. Person is classed as corpulenta? Class 3 BMI 40 and over. Is when a individual with a BMI of 40+ is said to be morbidly corpulent ( WHO, 2012 ) . constitution originates from the authorities that are in power, w ho are withal the legal authorization and have a view and counsel over all insurance whether they be private or public ( Crinson, 2009 ) . Harmonizing to Crinson 2009 wellness insurance policy is hypothesised in footings of large and micro societal developments, with the macro degree reading the urinateing of societal and formal constructions, such as the economic context of the responsibleness and the market, and the discipline wellness Service ( NHS ) . The micro side focuses on the influence of policy from the degree of the health care professionals and the experience of the users ( Crinson, 2009 ) . constitution cr run downe by mental act, harmonizing to a lily-white base produce by the Labour giving medication in 1999 provinces that it is a method in which a authorities construe their semipolitical trance into programmes and actions in order to do alterations that are required and wanted by the population ( Cabinet Office, 1999 ) . It was besides foc utilize on m odernizing the authorities synopsis ( Cabinet Office, 1999a ) and the demand for more inclusive and reactive policy s linked to muckle s demands. It planned to vouch that policy devising was to go more forward thought and evidence-based, every bit total as right assessed and based on best pattern. It went on to find the demand for improved reason when addressing policy devising and to guarantee a more joined-up attack across authorities sections and bureaus ( Cabinet Office, 1999 ) .Harmonizing to the knowledge domain health Organisation wellness policy signifies closings, programs and actions that are started in order to identify elaborate wellness oversight ends within a society. It goes on to look egress that and clear and string policy crowd come to the fore sketch an thought for the futurity whilst helps to set up aims and points of orientation. A wellness policy arsehole besides assist to plan a model and construct understanding in add-on to informing pile ( W HO, 2006 ) .There are three cardinal policies countries within the Department of wellness and they are National Health ( NH ) , customary Health ( PH ) , and Social Care ( SC ) ( Kouvonen, 2012 ) . The current governing body has two dissimilar backgrounds the first is a public policy abstract that is favoured by the United States and Northern Ireland. The 2nd is favoured in the United demesne and is a societal policy theoretical construction ( Kouvonen, 2012 ) .Policies are think to better on current commissariats in wellness and societal attention in the UK and purpose to vouch services that are funded or support by the Department of Health are de passred in an unfastened and patient-centred flair ( www.dh.gov.uk ) . This was non ever the instance, as harmonizing to Crinson authoritiess were apathetic to the type of attention delivered within the health care service that was the concern of the physician. This was to alter in the 1970s when the economic system declined and revenue enhancement gross was reduced ( Crinson, 2009 ) .The axial rotation of the province in supplying wellness and public help to the public harmonizing to Crinson 2009 takes the position that in that respect are five diverse conceptualizations and they echo differences in the midst of political and conceptual actions of the function that the province should depend when presenting wellness and public assistance services ( Crinson, 2009 ) . The author goes on to give illustrations of these conceptualizations one of which is the neoliberal presumable that influenced the alteration in the wellness and societal public assistance policies of the Thatcher authorities in the 1980s ( Crinson, 2009 ) . In the Political-Economic Critique, harmonizing to OConnor et Al welfarism serves to construct consent for capitalistic economy through the procedure of spliting the population into groups with specific demands. This he notes had the resultant of individualizing what are widespread societal and wellness jobs associates with life in a capitalist s society ( Gough, 1979 ) .In a root by David Berreby in which he asks the doubtfulness, why do volume acquire fat and hazard major wellness job? , He believes the reply to this inquiry is capitalist economy and sites it as the chief cause of planetary obesity ( Berreby, 2012 ) . conversely in a programme series aired on the BBC on the 11th July 2012 the newsman Jacques Peretti reports that our eating wonts were changed by a determination made in the States 40 old(a) ages ago. Peretti travelled to the States to analyze the narrative of high-fructose maize sirup ( HFCS ) a calorie-providing sweetening use to dulcify foods and drinks, chiefly processed and shop-bought alimentarys. The sweetening was backed in America in the 1970s by Richard Nixon s agriculture decision overlord Earl Butz to utilize extra maize grown by husbandmans. Cheap and sweeter than sugar, it apace found its manner into about all convenience nutrients and soft drinks. HFCS is non still sweeter than sugar it besides inhibits leptin, the endocrine that controls hunger, ensuing in the inability to tour of province feeding ( BBC, 2012 ) . This was backed up by grounds from Robert Lustrig an endocrinologist, who harmonizing to this engage, was the first to practice the dangers of high-fructose maize sirup ( HFCS ) . His findings nevertheless, were discredited at the clip. and a US sexual relation study sited fat, non sugar, for the dismaying rise in cardio-vascular unwellness and the nutrient attention responded with a series of low fat and heart healthy nutrients in which the fat was removed. ( BBC, 2012 ) . Policy shapers encouraged husbandmans to overproduce maize and soy with the presage of foreign trade ( Philpott, 2008 ) .It was besides in the seven-spottiess that Britain s nutrient industries used publicizing thrusts to promote the thought of noshing between repasts. A fast nutrient civilization besides deve loped and fast nutrient ironss offered alluring nutrients and clients served themselves, and harmonizing to Ritzer this was the source of McDonaldization of Society. He goes on to compose how fast nutrient eating crime syndicate establish to the development of obesity and it accent on supersizing its parts ( Ritzer, 2004 ) .Conversely poorness increased in the 1970s under Thatcher Government and harmonizing to the bring in for Fiscal Studies in 1979 13.40 % of people in Britain lived below 60 % on average income before lodging costs. With this came a large rise in inequality and under the gini mark for Britain was up to 0.339 from 0.253 ( shot glass, et al 2012 ) .Due to the comorbidities associated with obesity and their increasing cost to the NHS, the effects of corpulency are presently and will go on to be of import public wellness challenges globally and in the UK. It impacts through society and across all life classs, and can increase the hazard of life endangering disea se ( Kouvonen, 2012 ) .Appendix 1.Presently in that location is a model in Northern Ireland titled A Fitter coming(prenominal) for All , this docket spans from 2012 to 2022. Within this paper it explains that in Northern Ireland 59 % of grownups are either fleshy ( 36 % ) or corpulent ( 23 % ) ( DHSSPSNI, 2012 ) . This policy addresses the demand to move from childhood based on grounds from the Foresight delineate 2007, and is now a cross sectorial cohesive life class docket that will turn to fleshiness over the following 10 old ages ( Foresight canvas, 2012 ) . The Department of Health has published a follow-on papers to the Public Health White Paper called flushed lives, healthy people A call to action on fleshiness in England , which sets new national thrusts for a falling tendency in extra weight by 2020. The Undertaking Fleshinesss Future Choices undertaking presented its findings on 17 October 2007 and the Undertaking aims to present a executable response to fleshines s in the UK over the following 40 old ages. It besides sets out illustrations of what is intended on a national degree to assist battle fleshiness, one of these is called Change4life programme. In this programme it states it will assist consumers make healthy nutrient picks ( www.dh.gov.uk ) . This could be linked to Professor Marmot point, when he discussed behavioral picks as someones such as where to shop for nutrient, and how these determinations are dictated by the person s socio-economic circumstance, and if they can afford the recommended good nutrient ( UCL nominate of Health Equity, 2012 ) .A fitter Future for All and Healthy Lifes, healthy people are policies that both the British and Northern Ireland authorities support, but there are wider determiners of worthless wellness such as poorness and inequalities that gyp an of import function in fleshiness ( HM Government, 2010 ) . It could be argued that opus policies such as these are aiming the causes of fleshiness , they are non actively seeking out realistic solutions to the job people may cognize they need to eat healthier, but merely can non afford to purchase the better nutrient.In developing states rates of fleshiness are inclined to lift, and this is associated with turning societal disadvantage turn toing societal want and material disadvantage is likely to cut down fleshiness ( Kouvonen. 2012 ) .Socio-economic category as a performer in wellness is non a new phoneme in the United Kingdom, as it has a history of many 100s of old ages. Harmonizing to Edwin Chadwick s study on healthful conditions of the laboring population in Britain in 1842 showed that in Liverpool the convey age of mortality for people in the upper categories was 35 old ages, and 15 old ages for labor and retainers ( Richardson, 2008 ) . Inequalities still exist today, but have improved and in the blacken study published in 1980 it states that there are still inequalities with respect to life anticipation and the usage of medical exam services ( Whitehead et al, 1992 ) .Harmonizing to the Foresight study ( 2007 ) a authorities scientific discipline think armored combat vehicle reported that or so grownups are already overweight. It goes on to observe that modern life will guarantee that approaching coevalss will be heavier than the last, and by 2050, 60 % of work forces and 50 % of adult females possibly clinically corpulent. The study besides states the fleshiness is a many-sided and there is no grounds anyplace in the universe where fleshiness has reversed. Social policy models are overriding harmonizing to this study ( Foresight survey, 2012 ) .The Marmot Report the 3rd such officially approved analysis in every bit many decennaries examining the nexus between wellness and wealth. The findings confirmed an dismaying societal slope, the hapless non merely decease seven old ages earlier than the rich, but they can anticipate to go handicap 17 old ages earlier. Professor Marmot continue s to discourse behavioral picks we make as persons are portion of our societal and economic scenes. He believes that people natural into more flush surroundings tend to follow a healthy life style, ensuing in health care differences between the societal categories ( UCL Institute of Health Equity, 2012 ) .In 2011 the Chief medical Officers ( CMOs ) from across the UK published new schemes for physical activity, and they address a life class methodological analysis, and included guidelines for early old ages ( www.ic.nhs.uk ) . It could be argued this is a cover policy and it is widely known that poorer people have limited picks with respects to life-style picks such as gym ranks. Besides the study appears to put the duty of exercising on the person. Peoples from poorer socio-economic backgrounds have poorer lodging and environments that do nt promote physical exercising which could be due to societal civilization of where these people live and wishing of resources ( UCL Institute of Health Equity, 2012 ) . Addressing fleshy kids that become corpulent in ulterior life was issue raised by Dr Hilary Jones on unspoiled Morning Britain, when he stated that fleshiness begins in childhood. He went on to state that the National Health Service and the Government know causes of fleshiness but actively forestalling it in childhood demands to be addressed ( www.gm.tv ) .Prevention of fleshiness is more accomplishable end than turn toing fleshiness when it becomes established, as some wellness jobs that are acquired through fleshiness extend an issue even after weight loss. Therefore authorities policies are largely say at primary bar of fleshiness such as eating good, exercising and no smoke ( Kouvonen, 2012 ) .Social determiners of wellness are besides a cardinal factor in fleshiness in both kids and grownups. Harmonizing to the World Health Organisation the societal conditions in which people live are paramount to their wellness. It goes on to observe that deficie ncy of income, hapless lodging and deficiency of entree to healthcare installations are merely some of the factors taking to inequalities ( www.who.int ) .Medical attention on its ain can non adequately better person s wellness and turn toing where people live and work is besides of import The societal determiners of wellness are the upstream societal, economic, and environmental factors that affect the wellness of persons and populations, including income, societal support, instruction and literacy, manipulation and working conditions. Downstream determiners, which include physical activity, clean air and pee and healthy lodging. These factors can act upon wellness inequalities difference between societal groups that can ensue in fleshiness in poorer countries ( Kouvonen, 2012 ) .Incidents of Childhood fleshiness are higher in countries with a lower socioeconomic population harmonizing to National Health Service Information Centre study on fleshiness. It besides states that fle shiness is more widespread in schools in deprive countries. It besides noted that with Reception kids ( kids in the primary school age group ) 6.9 % of those in least disadvantaged countries were corpulent, in comparing to 12.1 per centum of kids in most disadvantaged countries ( www.ic.nhs.uk ) .In Northern Ireland statistics show that 8 per centum of kids ages between 2 and 15 old ages are corpulent, harmonizing to the Health Minister Edwin Poots. The wellness Minister went on to state that the likeliness of corpulent kids become corpulent grownups was likely this would set greater strain on the wellness and societal attention services due to the comorbidities associated with the status ( Northern Ireland executive, 2012 ) .Governments province that wellness policies are micro driven, but in world it could be argued that they are macro driven as ultimately fleshiness will be more in the long tally due to fleshiness colligate unwellness such as diabetes and heat disease, and har monizing to NHS website the cost will be ?4.20 billion per twelvemonth ( HM Government ) . Undertaking fleshiness is a challenge for non merely the UK, but globally and harmonizing to the Department of Health and Social Services Northern Ireland web site, corpulence and fleshiness will trip malnutrition and infective disease in footings of their cost to the wellness services and people enduring from the status ( www.dhsspsni.gov.uk ) . Appendix 2.It was non until 1999 that fleshiness was declared an epidemic in America and was considered to impact all racial groups and across all ages in United States ( National Medical Association, 1999 ) . Harmonizing to the information published there was an extension from 12 % to 18 % over a seven twelvemonth blockage utilizing a organic structure mass index ( BMI ) that was greater than 30 ( National Medical Association, 1999 ) . Historically obesity rates were low and uninfluenced until 1970s and 80s, and the obesogentic environment ( an e nvironment that encourages and leads to fleshiness in persons that re posthumouss to the influence that contribute towards fleshiness such as nutrient, physical activity and environment. Many broader determiners of hapless wellness such as wellness inequalities, poorness and want play a important function, and these factors have non swayed over the old ages. In pre-war Britain handsome differences in mortality and morbidity degrees between rich and hapless were appreciate as the norm by policy shapers. It was the debut of the National Health Service in the fortiess that brought with it hope that the societal category differences impacting wellness would worsen. It was nt until the seventiess that the Marmot Report stated people s life style and fortunes have a direct consequence on their wellness ( Crinson, 2009 ) .The wellness deductions from fleshiness are huge and can finally ensue in a premature decease. Although fleshiness is caused by consumption of more energy through nutr ient and drink than needed and the ensuing extra stored in fat in the organic structure, the position that obesogenic environment besides plays a portion in fleshiness is going widely accepted. Social and economic fortunes are besides evaluated in this paper as are the function of authoritiess and policy shapers, both in the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland. The overall position of this paper would be that policies are made by persons that have no sixth sense into what portion of society they are directed at such as disadvantaged and socio-economic countries that lack the agency and installations whereby persons feel that their part to society is treasured and of import sufficiency for them to care about their ain well-being. Policies are non directed at one specific group such and the one sizing fits all does nt look to be working as fleshiness is now a planetary epidemic.BibliographyBBC ( 2012 ) The Work force who made us fat episode 3 , accessible at www.bbc.co.uk/programm es/b01kd06l ( Accessed 06/11/2012 20.05 )Berreby, David. ( 2012 ) . Is Capitalism To commit for Worldwide Obesity? Available athypertext transfer protocol //bigthink.com/Mind-Matters/is-capitalism-to-blame-for-worldwide-obesity ( Accessed 5/11/2012 )Braveman, Paula. Egeter, Susan. Williams, R. William ( 2011 ) The Social Determinants of Health Coming of Age , Annual Review of Public Health, Vol. 32 381-98Cabinet Office ( 1999 ) Modernising Government White Paper procurable at hypertext transfer protocol //www.archive.official-documents.co.uk/document/cm43/4310/4310.htm ( accessed 05/11/2012 )Crib et Al ( 2012 ) Briefing Notes on Jubilees compared incomes, disbursement and work in the late seventiess and early 2010s , accessible at hypertext transfer protocol //www.ifs.org.uk/publications/6190 ( Accessed 12/11/2012 )Crinson, Iain ( 2009 ) Health Policy, a critical prospective , SAGE, LondonDepartment of Health Public wellness ( 2012 ) Adult societal attention, and the NHS O besity Document , visible(prenominal) at www.dh.gov.uk/health/category/policy-areas/public-health/obesity-healthy-living ( Accessed 10/11/2012 )Department of industrial plant & A Pensions ( 2011 ) Causes of Obesity operable at, hypertext transfer protocol //www.dwp.gov.uk/publications/specialist-guides/medical-conditions/a-z-of-medical-conditions/obesity ( Accessed 05/11/2012 )Department for Works & A Pensions ( 2011 ) Definition of Overweight and Obesity operational at, hypertext transfer protocol //www.dwp.gov.uk/publications/specialist-guides/medical-conditions/a-z-of-medical-conditions/obesity ( Accessed 05/11/2012 )DHSSPSNI ( 2012 ) Framework for Preventing and Addressing Overweight and Obesity in Northern Ireland 2012-2022 , available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.dhsspsni.gov.uk/framework-preventing-addressing-overweight-obesity-ni-2012-2022.pdf ( accessed 8/11/2012 )DHSSPSNI ( 2011 ) Safety, Quality and Standards Safety and Quality Policy Document available at www.dhsspsni.gov.uk/index/phealth/sqs.htm ( Accessed 6/11/2012 )Foresight Review ( 2012 ) www.foresightreport.com ( Accessed 08/11/2012 9.50 )GMTV ( 2012 ) www.gm.tv.uk ( Viewed 07/11/2012 7.47 )Gough, I. ( 1979 ) The Political Economy of the Welfare State , Macmillan, BasingstokeHM Government ( 2010 ) Healthy Lifes, Healthy Peoples Our Strategy for Public Health in England , available at www.official-documents.gov.uk ( accessed 10/11/2012 )NHS Information Centre ( 2011 ) Statistics on Obesity, somatogenic Activity and Diet England , available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.ic.nhs.uk/webfiles/publications/003_Health_Lifestyles/opad11/Statistics_on_Obesity_Physical_Activity_and_Diet_England_2011_revised_Aug11.pdf ( Accessed 08/11/2012 8.25 )NHS Information Centre ( 2011 ) Obesity Rising Among Concluding Year firsthand School Children , available at www.ic.nhs.uk/ncmp ( Accessed 10/11/2012 20.55 )Kouvonen, Dr A. ( 2012 ) What is Health Policy? , Lecture Notes Week 1 Lecture 2Kouvonen, Dr A. ( 2012 ) Current Issues in Health Policy Obesity , Week 4 Lecture 2National Medical Association ( 1999 ) Obesity Declared an Epidemic in the United States ,J Natl Med Assoc. 1999 December 91 ( 12 ) 645 PMCID PMC2608606Northern Ireland Executive ( 2012 ) available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.northernireland.gov.uk/index/media-centre/news-departments/news-dhssps/news-dhssps-08032012-obesity-cuts-life.htm ( Accessed 08/11/2012 20.15 )Philpott, T ( 2008 ) A Contemplation of the Lasing Legacy of the 1970s USDA Secretary Earl Butz available at hypertext transfer protocol //grist.org/article/the-butz-stops-here ( Accessed 7/11/2012 )Richardson, W.B. ( 2008 ) The Health of Nations A Review of the Works of Edwin Chadwick , Volume I. BiblioLife, LLCRitzer, G. ( 2004 ) The McDonaldization of Society , SAGE, CaliforniaUCL Institute of Health Equity ( 2012 ) Strategic Review of Health Inequalities in England Post-2010 ( The Marmot Review ) , availabl e at www.marmotreview.org ( Accessed 9/11/2012 )Whitehead, M. , Townsend, P. , Davidson, N. , Daivdsen, N. , ( 1992 ) Inequalities in Health The Black Report and the Health Divide , Penguin Books Ltd New edition ( 29 Oct 1992 )World Health Organisation ( 2006 ) Commission on Social Determinants of Health , available at www.who.int/social_determinants/resources/csdh_brochure.pdf ( Accessed 09/11/2012 17.56 )World Health Organisation ( 2012 ) Health Policy , available at www.who.int/topics/health_policy/en/ ( Accessed 05/11/2012 8.50 )World Health Organisation ( 2012 ) Obesity , available at www.who.int/topics/obesity/en/ ( Accessed 05/11/2012 17.43 )Appendix 1

Askari Bank Report

Company Profile Products Sell Offers Buy Offers come do Details Askari brink, wholeness of the leading intrusts of Pakistan. The rim was founded in 1992, and in the 18 divisions since, our crop and success patterns put one over far outgrown industry standards. Askari rely has expanded into a nationwide presence of 150 secernatees, and an offshore brinking building block in Bahrain. A sh atomic event 18d ne bothrk of over 1,100 on eminence ATMs baffleing every(prenominal) stick out(predicate)(a) major(ip) cities in Pakistan supports the delivery channels for guest return.As on December 31, 2007, the swear had equity of PKR 12. 27 billion and total assets of PKR 182. 17 billion, with over 800,000 cambering clients, serviced by 6,808 employees. We bewilder reinforced our fruits with new pose schemes billing competitive evaluate of return and packed with excellent service of depressing choice. Our modern electronic beaching services suck up been developed with hard take shape, feedback from stake toters and search providing better margining solutions.Askari depository financial institution continuous growth over the courses is based on service to communities and customers by friendly, professional and experienced slangers trained to deliver stupendous vernacularing services. pic incorpo ticker up In take shapeation Askari cleaveory financial institution was incorpo come outd in Pakistan on October 9, 1991, as a public trammel company. It commenced public pre displaceation on April 1, 1992, and is princip solelyy occupied in the business of banking, as defined in the af stronging Companies Ordinance, 1962. The bank building is listed on Karachi, Lahore and Islama boastful Stock Exchanges.Since inception, the bank has concentrated on growth with improving service quality, investment in technology and people, utilizing its extensive branch dismiss make believe which includes Islamic and Agricultural banking. Corporate Social Responsibility is an underlying part of the way we do business. In tack to fulfill our CSR objectives, we begin to promote public divert by encouraging community growth and development through sponsoring social service events, supporting education, sports, and environment and likewise contri scarcee in socio-cultural activities. poses and Achievements Best Retail swear in Pakistan by The Asian brinker. 1st Consumer Choice Award by the Consumer Association of Pakistan. 2004 Corporate Excellence Award by the commission Association of Pakistan (MAP). 002, 2003 & 2004. The Best bound in Pakistan by Global Finance magazine. 2001 and 2002. Best Consumer Internet Bank Global Finance magazine. 2002 and 2003. Euromoney and Asiamoney Awards 1994, 1996 and 1997. Best Presented one- course scotchs by (ICAP) and (ICAMP). 000, 2001and 2002. The Best Presented Annual Accounts by South Asian Fedeproportionn of Accountants (SAFA), in the S AARC region. The Best Consumer Banking Award 2006 by the Consumer Association of Pakistan. 007 The Best Retail Banking Award 2008 by Pakistan reassure Export Corpoproportionn Ltd. 2008 Best Corporate Report Award for the twelvemonth 2008 by ICAP & ICMAP. 008 p section network ic pic alone growthes 202 pic North Region 68 pic Center Region 66 pic South Region 68 pic picpicpicpic b low over of Form picpic lavatory of Form Home Reports o Accounting o Management o Marketing Articles Internship Presentations Askari Bank Internship ReportPosted by calculates On September 22 2010 Comments Off EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The surgical incision of Administrative Sciences offers Masters degree in Business Administration. They atomic number 18 plentiful the top hat education and atomic number 18 offering for specialization, financial management, foodstuffing management, homosexual resource management and computer exertion to business. An cardinal program is half-dozen to eight weeks internship with any recognized institution. I decided to take up Askari Bank particular(a) for my internship because it is a competing Bank nowadays and gives a beloved training to the internees. So in score to learn to a greater bound this was my choice.This report is about my internship that I have undergone at Askari Bank contain Multan Branch from 2nd June 2008 to 18th July 08. During my internship I am able to learn virtual(a) aspect of business, and seize right(a) working experience. On the very prototypic day of my internship I reported to Operation Manager Mr. Noor ul Islam. He gave me undersize introduction of the Bank and introduced me to the staff of the Bank. Every internee is rotated among the Banks surgical incisions and so was I. This rotation is done in order to have full general concept regarding Banks turns, operations and policies. In this rotation the pillow in surgica l incision is usually a week.I have erudite much(prenominal) than about the Basic Banking, Credits and Foreign Trade subdivision and have stipulation below the caption of activities I was involved in during the menstruation of six weeks. During my internship I found that Askari Bank is a best Bank in Multan because most of the Exports and Imports in Multan ar done through this Bank. Multan is one of the cotton growing cities of Pakistan. Most of the businesses in Multan be instanter or indirectly linked to cotton that is similarly the baptistery with Askari Banks clients. Because Multan is an Agricultural City, and its major exportation is Cotton and mango tree.So its export is done on seasonal basis. In the season of cotton and Mango export Askari Bank get its target easily however punishing for it to get its target in the off season. Low dough rates used to be one of the major reasons for not outfiting the trust targets. The profits rates on Askari deposit schemes were quite low when comp atomic number 18d with separatewise Banks especially with the National Saving Centers, but now Askari Bank is bear-sized-minded a comparatively game profit rates to its customers. In at onces every customer is a rational customer, he knows the hold dear of money and wants a best return on his money.INTRODUCTION TO confide Askari Bank Limited (AKBL) works as a Unit of troops Welf atomic number 18 Trust was established for the Welf ar of host Officials. The office of array Welf atomic number 18 Trust is situated at AWT Plaza, Rawalpindi. AWT offers the AWT Saving Scheme to the force officials only(prenominal). AWT has its units as under Askari Associates. Askari Leasing. Askari General. Private Business. Textile Mills. Cement Industry. Askari mercenary Bank. Askari Bank Limited was incorporated on October 9, 1991, as a Public Limited Company, and is listed on Karachi, Lahore and Islama broad(a)-for-naught Stock Exchanges.The Ban k obtained business commencement present on February 26, 1992 and started operations stimulate April 1, 1992. Askari Bank is scheduled Commercial Bank and is principally engaged in the business of Banking as defined in the Banking Companies Ordinance 1962. Askari Bank Limited continues to scale new heights in all aras of its operations. The safety and security of depositors funds, high productivity and best use of technology be the hall abrasions of its corporate strength. In 1994, AKBL earned internationalistic recognition as Asia Money Award and the title of Best Commercial Bank ofPakistan for the year 1994, while Euro money declared the Bank as best domestic Bank of Pakistan for the year 1995. ASKARI affirm LIMITED MULTAN Askari Bank Limited Multan was inaugurated on December 28,1994. It is located on Abdali Road turnaround to PIA Office. The location is connected to all the main trade centers in Multan. It is a prosperous branch streaming towards great achievements. At the epoch of its establishment the factored who were confacered are as follows Multan is zone covering a large population. Multan City is linked to some big cities. Agro based area constituting growers and gainers force Offices & Fort Colony Educational Institution DEPARTMENTS The bank has following department Account Opening department ATM surgical incision Credit add-in Department Account Department Credit Department remitment Department Foreign Trade Department money Department bankers bill undecided DEPARTMENT Borrowing funds from disagreeent sources has become an essential ingest of todays business enterprises. just now in the case of a bank borrowing funds from extraneous parties is al l the more than vital because the entire banking system is based on it.The borrowed capital of a bank is much greater their own capital. Banks borrowing is loosely in the form of deposits. These deposits are lent out to different parties. Such deposit creation is done through on the fence(p)ing an scotch in the Bank. In AKBL Multan Mr. Sheeraz Hassan is operating(a) the bank note opening department along with performing whatever(a) auxiliary functions of Check Book Issuing TYPES OF directS In AKBL, thither are the following shells of depicts Current note. Saving Account. Askari Special Deposit Account. (ASDA) Basic Banking peak Term Deposit. CURRENT ACCOUNTIn current paper at that place is no touch on it. It is for only transaction purposes. They are pay on demand. When a banker accepts a demand deposit, he incurs the obligation of the nonrecreational all handicaps emaciated against him to the extended of the balance in the business relationship. As in that location is no profit paid on this posting it is likewise called chequing account because hindrances fuck be bony on it. Current account is mostly opened for business. SAVING ACCOUNT The purpose of this account is to induce the attire of saving individuals in the neighborhood. The minimum deposit for opening the account is Rs. 1050/- (as diaphanous in the Annexure).Though individuals open such accounts for saving purpose, persons belonging to fortify forces and different military institutions are free to use this account on current basis. ASKARI SPECIAL DEPOSIT ACCOUNTANT ASDA account is an interest group appearance current account interest is paid. The payment of return is periodic, where as the rate of return with aspect to the tally of minimum deposit clear from deposit schedules in following table). It is overly chequing account because deterrents can be drawn on it. It is necessary for this account that the client must maintain a minimum balance of Rs. 0,000 at the end of the month. Thats why it is interchangeable to current account. It is mostly opened by Business but individuals to a fault open this account. Tax of 0. 3% would be deducted on ASDA if withdrawals are more than Rs. 25,000. TERM DEPOSITS A experimental nail d own deposit is a deposit that is irritate for a real periods of while at the end of the special(prenominal) period. the customer is allowed to with draw the principle come up . AKBLs Term deposits are of types clear in the deposit scheme in the table). integrity of them is Askari Advantage one month. The rate of return on this account is set by head office.The term deposit account vary one month to 1 year for all following accounts (as clear from Deposit Scheme in the table). The amount of profit is given to depositors in three ways By change By sending a bank Draft to depositors Home overcompensate or Officers or whichever is contract as mailing Address. The amount is impute in any one of the checking Accounts of the depositor. ACCOUNT OPENING PROCEDURE Fro the chequing accounts (C/A, ASDA, SAVING), there are different types of account holders are unavoidable for all these types of account holders.The operation /procedure requirement that is postulate for Individua l Account differ greatly from Joint account proprietorship Partner ship , Limited Company and Club society or Association as explained below. individualisticS ACCOUNT When a single man or women opens an account in his/her own account and has the right to give-up the ghost it is called individual Account. certificate REQUIREMENT For literate person copy of National identicalness measure is required as a primary requirement. For illiterate person and hide Women, along with the copy of National Identity Card requirement he or she must come in person for opening the account. outgrowth The person place a Check Mark in the type of account and type of operation required He/She fills in part-I of the form , a fix his /her either two or four mistakable sense of touch (or thumb reflection in the signature space and get it introduced and write by a person who already has an account with the bank and write his account no in the specific rows in a specific space. The person fi lls in side by side(p) of Kin fructify where he/she father, mother, husband/wife or any other coitions name, his /her address, phone no and affix his/her signature to certify this requirement.This requirement is necessitateed because in his/her absence bank can have correspondence with the specific person. The person put her /his signature ( or thumb expression) on the signature Specimen Card (SS CARD) similar in the area on the form. One the back of S. S bait mailing address, telephone no, Person to affect and introducer space is change in. All these requirement are necessary for future The person deposits the initial amount for opening account on to the silver in counter. The person put his signature on form -A (check book requisition) on two places in pass signature and fills in the Title of Account space by writing his name. If the person put his signature in Urdu or any language other than English, he signed a Vernacular form where under take that affix signature are original and his own signature and two postal size photos are needed. The next day is the opening of account. JOINT ACCOUNT When two or more persons, neither coadjutors, nor trustees, open an in their name is called joint Account. conserve and wife or two persons of same sex can open joint account.DOCUMENTATION For joint account copy of National Identity Card of all the persons is obtained other things remaining same as in individuals account. OPERATION The person checks the type of amount and type of operation required in the various(prenominal) box on the form. The persons fill in the Part-I and part-II in the form. Signatures of both persons are obtained on the form in the area specified for signature and S. S. Card. In the title of account space names of all the persons are mentioned. Accounts holder specified in the form that they will operate the form singly or jointly. PROPRIETOR enthrall ACCOUNTWhen an owner of a firm operating singly, opens an account in his firm name, this account is called a proprietorship Account the proper himself liable for all his acts. DOCUMENTATION requisite For this kind of account, an application for opening the account on the firm earn -pad (having the firm name) is required along with the NIC Card of proprietor. OPERATION All operation remains the same except that the firm name is scripted in the Title of the Account area and signature of the proprietor are af opinionated in the S. S. Card and the area specified for signatures on the form. PARTNER SHIP ACCOUNTThe account is opened in the firm name and all partner designate one two persons to act on behalf of the partner ship firmer all acts on behalf of firm. The partners in the partnership firm are liable for the acts of the firm jointly and severely. Every partner has in a firm has an implied authority bind his co. partners by drawing and enclosed impediments. DOCUMENTATIONS write of N. I. C card of all partners Application to open the account on the firm letter pad. Partner ship deed in case registered partnership firm. Letter showing the implied Authority of one or more partners to act on behalf of the firm. In case of non -registered partnership firm, understanding on behalf of the firm to remain liable for all acts of the firm. Name, address of all partners is written on the pad. OPERATION All other requirement remain same except that the form is dully signed by all partners card are signed by all those partners who will act on behalf of the firm and along filling part-I , Part-Iv is also filled. LIMITED COMPANY ACCOUNT This account is for limited companies. In order to facilitate their transaction with outside parties, bank provides many facilities. DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED Memorandum of Association. Articles of the Association root of the Board of Director. Certificate of Incorporation. Certificate of commencement of business N-I-C OPERATION The persons authorized in the Resolution of the Board of Directors put th eir signatures on S. S Cards. side by side(p) of kin requirement is not need in case of a Limited Company. After completing each and every formality, introducer signature is confirm by S. S card and is stamped Verified customer signatures are admitted by stamping Admitting near signature and again signatures on S.S card are admitted in the same way. The same process of verification and admission of the signatures is iterate on Form-A and next of Kin area. After completing each and every formality, Accountant is open in the computer by writing name, address, A/C Number etc. LETTER OF THE THANKS At the start of the letter 2nd day, AKBL issues letter of thanks to Account opener and account opener and Account Introducer for the trust the have on AKBL. CHECK maintain ISSUING Check books are issued only for checking account such as current Account, saving Account and ASDA Account.They are not issued for other fixed and term deposits because of their Long term Accounts nature. ISSUIN G PROCEDURE Signatures on take out book requisition are verified by matching with signatures on SS. Cheque book leaves number, account number, account holders name are mentioned in the cheque- book is make by mentioning the and the total of sum of excise concern and provincial task. The name of A/c holder and date of cheque book issuance is written on cheque book requisition the account-opening incumbent puts his initials on requisition leave. A/c number is stamped over the leaves of cheque book and finally authorized person affix his signature over the debit voucher and he voucher is trussed from the cheque book and is transfer over to the customer . RECEIVING interior CHEQUES Another responsibility and function of account Opening Department is to obtain Inward cheques for collection of other Banks as rise as of AKBL . and then these cheques are sent to clearing official who clears these checks at SBP from other banks. ACCOUNT CLOSING Account is closed on the writ ten request of the customer AKBL free of cost.But to surrender the cheque book yet if some leaves are yet to be write to the bank as a necessary requirements for stopping point the account. PROCEDURE The customer for individuals account write an application to the manager of the bank an a simple paper about the closing of his account with the bank (In case of proprietor ship partnership and limited company account the application should be written an firm or company letter head) The individual or in case of other type- proprietor firm and company surrender the cheque book to the bank. The cheque book is then torn from one side and is attached with the application. In case of Ltd. Company account resolution of the board of directors is also obtained to attach it with the application. The account opening form of the account holder is interpreted from the account-opening file, and the application, cheque book, and resolution of board of directors in case of limited company account are attached with the form. Lastly, it is written in Red Ink on the form that account closed and Date of account closing. EVERYDAY scorecard Following transaction of cheque book is posted-Dr_____________ party A/c 50(for 10 leaves) Rs 5/leave. ATM- CARDS DEPARTMENT This department deals in issuing ATM-Card, term deposits and Askari Bachat Certificate. Mr. Sheeraz Hassan deals this department. ATM CARD ATM Cards are only issue to Account Holder ISSUING PROCEDURE The person, commencement exercise open the account at heart the blank. then he fills the ATM application form in which name of account holder, Fathers name account number and N. I. Card number are mentioned. A copy of N. I. card is also attached with the application form. After completing this process, the application package is sent to head office ACBL head office takes a period of 3-4 weeks for preparing and process of ATM cards. First, list of card holder is issued and then afterward 15 days cards are send to ACBLs issuing branch. The card and list are not sent simultaneously in order to avoid any mishandling. ACBL takes Rs. 350/- for 1st time issuance as charges for a card Biannually takes Rs 75. ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT Accounts department is a department which deals and checks all the activity of all the department .It also deals in expression of finance of the bank. Salary payment is also one function of the bank. CHECKING BANKS DAILY ACTIVITY Accounts department deals and checks the entire working of the Branch all the vouchers that have been posted at the computer are scrutinized in accounts department. The End of twenty-four hours i. e. computer print is also acquire from the computer. The next day the activity is separated some statements from the End of Day. Then next day activity separated some statements from the End of Day. The vouchers are word formed out head wise.The vouchers are matched with the entries in the statements. whatever abnormality if occurs, is immediately dealt with. All the vouchers and instruction are checked each are checked individually against the computer printouts. After checking they are signed by Mr. .Naeem Shehzad and the internal auditor Mr. Shafiq. OTHER ACTIVITIES Preparation of daily bank positions statement netment of salaries Preparation of the statements Depreciation calculation Lockers Issuance remitment DEPARTMENT The need of remitment is commonly felt is commercial tone particularly and in everyday life generally.The main function of the absolution department is to transmit money from one place to another. By providing this service to the customer, Bank earns a lot of income. Also customer is able to meet its day to day financial requirements. Demand Draft It is an instrument collectible on demand for which esteem has been received, issued by the branch of the Bank drawn i. e. imputable at some other place (branch) of the same Bank. If two Banks are involved then the DD is sent to other Bank but in other case it is handed over to the applicator. Issuance procedure A demand draft application is given to the customer, he fills in relevant information and signs it. The officer checks the information form. The Bank charges such as equip, excise duty is charged as per effective schedule of charges. If he fills the tax exemption form, tax is not charged. In case of coin deposit, the cashier counts the amount and signs the DD application and enters it in the register. Then the officer of remittance department signs it and operation manager counter signs it. The entry is made in the DD issuing register, DD is given to the customer. Vouchers are wide-awake and posted. DD advises are printed and mailed to the respective branch. Payment Procedure The Bank receives DD. The DD assurance advice is received through mail. The meter are checked and signatures are verified. An entry is made on the DD imputable register and the vouchers are made. DD credit is attached with the vouchers and given for posting to the computer. When DD is received the test numbers are checked and the payment is made. Vouchers are given for posting and the entry that was made in the register is closed i. e. DD collectible is Nil.Pay Order It is an instrument issued for payment in same city. Pay order issued from on e branch can only be payable from the same branch. It is normally referred to as Bankers cheque. It is also called affirm cheque, because Bank issues this on it own guarantee. Issuance Procedure The standard form is given to the customer. He fills in the details and signs it. The concerned officer checks the form. Bank charges (or commission) as per the schedule of charges and the withholding tax of 0. 3% are applied. The cash amount of the pay order is received. A cash memo is signed, stamped and handed over to the applicant as a receipt. Then the pay order receipt is filled accordingly. Counter foil is also filled. An entry is made in the pay order iss ue register. Then the authorized officer signs it after checking the pay order. The order is then handed over to the applicant after obtaining his signature on the PO Form. A voucher is also made and posted at the computer. Payment Procedure On display of the pay order receipt, two authorized officers of the branch sign the receipt. PO entry is made in the PO issue register. Then the amount is credited to the account of the customer or pain in cash. PO is posted at the computer. Outward Bills for Collection The bills, which are received by the Bank and sent to other cities (branches) for the local clearing in that city, are called Outward Bills for Collection. Procedure The cheques that are of other cities are separated. They are entered in the OBC Register and OBC numbers are given to them. The OBC forwarding schedules are prepared for different branches. The respective cheques are attached with the schedule. The office copy is filled and original schedule is mailed. O n clearing, the respective Banks send back the OBCs along with the IBCA (Inter Branch Credit Advice). The OBC numbers are checked from the OBC register, after that entries are made. Commission charges are deducted from the account. Inward Bills for Collection The bills, which are received by the Bank from other branches out of the city for local clearing are called Inward Bills for Collection. Procedure The OBC of other branches will be the IBC of this branch. So an OBC forwarding schedule is received by mail. The cheques are entered in the IBC register.The IBC numbers are allotted to them. The cheques are lodged for clearing. After realization, an IBCA is prepared and mailed to the branch from where the cheque was received. At the end of the day, two vouchers are prepared and posted. outside(prenominal) plenty DEPARTMENT Foreign trade department deals in Foreign coin account Exports Imports FOREIGN CURRENCY ACCOUNT Mainly this account deals in individual, personal and companies account CRITERIA FOR OPENING FOREIGN CURRENCY ACCOUNT on that point are not hard and fast rules for becoming the Foreign currency Account holder.Bank wants only introduction of the Client and very circumstantial about the background. I. D card is also not necessary, if someone has well and good, otherwise no restriction will be there for him. FEATURES OF FOREIGN CURRENCY ACCOUNTS There will be legal protection for the account holders. According to foreign exchange rules and regulation every citizen of Pakistan, either within the Pakistan or outside the Pakistan, can open the foreign currency account. house physician firms and Resident Companies including investment Banks can open Foreign Currency Accounts. All foreign nationals and foreign Companies in Pakistan or abroad can open Foreign Currency Accounts. Opening of Foreign Currency Accounts in the joint names of residents/non-residents is permissible. Foreign Currency can be deposited by Remittance received from abroad Foreign Currency Notes There will be no restriction and questioning to him about the currency, which he wants to deposit that from where he got that money. No Zakat will be deducted on these accounts no Income Tax deduction, no Wealth Tax deduction will be there. These incentives reinforce and propel the people to invest in foreign currency accounts rather to elapse the foreign currency idle. Foreign currency accounts can easily be transferred from one person to another, one place to another, with in the ACBL Branches or in other Bank. The account holder can transfer the funds freely, in any currency to any part of the world. Foreign currency Accounts can be used for payment of purchases at Duty Free shops. FACILITIES This account provides following facilities Traveling quota Out ward remittances In ward remittances receiving To make remittances procedure flexible EXPORT Mainly export deals in dialog of documents Sending the documents for collection Pre-shipme nt financing Post-shipment financing Remittance against agent commission Forward covered mental reservation Handling the documents for negotiation according to the UCP cholecalciferol (uniform custom and practices) Handling the documents for collection according to URR (uniform rules for collection) Submission of monthly returns to SBP regarding the export on form A-2/O-2 IMPORT Opening the letter of credit size up the documents receive from flowing bank under letter of credit. Account to UCP euchre and extending the credit forwardness to the importer informs FIM (finance against imported merchandise) FATR (finance against trust receipt). Arrange forward cover booking regarding import payments Also arrange forward cover booking for letter of credit open other then ACBL Submission of monthly returns to SBP regarding the import on form I organise ANALYSIS SWOT (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities & Threats) analysis of AKBL is described below Strengths AKBL has got a well-developed on-line system in most of its branches. Remittance Department is working very efficiently in transferring the funds of people receivable to this system. The Bank has also started ATM facility in most of its branches. 24-hour Banking is new trend in Pakistan and AKBL has also taken apart in this trend. One distinctive feature of the Bank is that it is the only Bank working for the welfare of army officers, which was established by Army Welfare Trust. The productivity of the Bank is very good. Bank is providing a high quality service to its customers. AKBL have strength that most of the imports which are done in Multan are handle by AKBL Multan. Weaknesses AKBL has lesser number of branches as compared to many other branches. Due to this problem, army officers can not aid the benefits of their own Bank. The human resource department is not performing the function of selection and recruitment very effectively. Selection process is not on merit due to which compete nt persons cannot be selected. Bank should boost the product development and increase the range of facilities offered for customers. Bank is weak in its credit management. Bank should modify to very sound parties and increase its payment rate. Opportunities Govt. is fetching very bold steps to promote IT in Pakistan. AKBL has an opportunity to make better in technology. AKBL is surrounded by many competitors. It has an opportunity to do belligerent marketing to increase its business. AKBL may increase its branches in competitive areas Threats AKBL has many competitors, which are continuously increasing its products and marketing aggressively. It may cause its customers to conjure up to competitors. Some other Banks have competent taskforce, which is also a terror for AKBL. Because human resource is the most valuable resource. Due to the increased spoilt state of affairs of Pakistan in which army is considered to be involved increase the frequency of withdrawals, which would decrease deposits. Financial Analysis Financial Highlights The current years profit (2007) after gross of the bank stood at Rs. 2,681,012 as compared to Rs. 2,249,974 for last year. The deposits diminish by 16. 49% to Rs. 11,197,424 as against Rs. 13,044,593 as on 31 Dec 2006. The loans and advances figure stood at R. 5,521,030 reflect on the improving market image of Askari Bank as a formidable financial institution. proportion Analysis The information contained in the four basic financial statements is of major significance to various interested parties who regularly need to have relative measures of the companys operating efficiency. Relative is the key word here, because the analysis of financial statements is based on the use of ratios or relative values. dimension analysis involves methods of calculating and interpreting financial ratios to analyze and monitor the firms performance.The basic inputs to ratio analysis are the firms income statement and balance sheet. Ra tios 2007 2006 Current ratio 1. 03 1. 04 Total asst turnover 0. 11 0. 09 Debt ratio 0. 93 0. 3 Gross put on margin 0. 11 0. 22 Operating profit margin 0. 21 0. 12 lolly profit margin 0. 22 0. 26 ROA 0. 02 0. 02 Earning asset to total assets Earning assets are the assets which are very important for any company for the bank earning assets are the assets on which bank can earn its profit which may includes loans, advances, operating fixed assets and other assets on the loans and advances bank can make profit by freehanded or investing in some where so Askari Bank has increased its earning assets in the year 2007 as compared to the prior year that show the good trend in the profitability of the Askari bank and the customer study on the Bank.Ratio tells that on what percentage earning assets support the total assets. tumefy bank also has increased its earning assets ratio shows the more profitability of the bank as it can be shown by the profit and loss account of the 2007 that shows the net mark up income more for the year as compared to the forward year so bank is waiver gradually to the more profitability by giving more advances and loans. Earning assets ASSETS 2007 interchange 13356055 Balances with other banks 3497054 bring 14444143 Investments 39431005 Advances 100780162 Operating fixed assets 5128428 Total earning Assets 176636847 Other assets 5535038 innate 182171885 Total Earning Assets Rs. 176636847 shape Earning Assets / Total Assets = 176636847 / 182171885 = 0. 969616 Return on earning asset This ratio indicates the how much of earning assets take part in making of the profit forrader taxation. This ratio is decreased during the year.Why is it so it has different reasons these are as follows Profit before taxation was more in the previous year as compared to the year 2007 because bank has low expenses and less provision for the bad debts and also bank has small investments and limited loans and advances but i n 2007 situation has changed and bank increased its loans and advances. Earning assets were also low in the previous year as compared to the 2007 so boilersuit ratio has been decreased but shows the good trend for the making of long term planning Formula Profit after tax / earning assets = 2,681,012 / 176636847 = . 015 Loan loss coverage ratio This important figure is a reserve account to cover unexpected defaults on loans by borrowers.These are generally referred to as no performing loans. The higher(prenominal) the no performing loan and charge-off percentages, the higher the provision for loan losings should probably be. Consequently, this would reduce net income and earnings per share. Well in the year 2007 banks this ratio has been increased to a great extent due to different reasons theses are as follows. Profit before taxation is low for the 2007 due to more expenses because bank is in expanding mode thats why its expenses are increasing day by day. Provisions and bad debts a lso increased in the year 2007 because bank also has invested more in this year and ad more also granted more loans. FormulaProvision against non-performing loan and advances / profit (loss) before tax = 3,920,240 / 2,299,785 = 1. 70 Loan to deposit Well there is a concept that banks loans are its assets while its deposits are liabilities. But if a bank has low deposits then obviously it will give low loans because bank gives its loans by the deposits and earn on the loans then pay mark up on the deposits to the customers. Well bank has increased its loans to deposits ratio in the year 2007 showing its more deposits as well more loans and that is good for the bank to remain in the market and to penetrate in the market. But profit has not increased with the same ratio becauseBank has low mark up rates Bank has more capacity for viands Formula Loans / deposit = 14444143 / 11,197,424 = 1. 289 Current ratio This ratio indicates the liquidity of the bank. Well this ratio has been decrea sed but nt much decreased during the year to a small extent due to Bank has increased its deposits so liabilities have been increased. Bank has increased its assets as well to overcome the liabilities. So overall we can say bank is the liquid enough to pay its liabilities Formula Current assets / current liabilities = 171508419 / 166214583 = 1. 03 Debt Ratio Debt ratio remained the same in previous year it was . 93 and in 2007 its again 0. 93.Bank has not decreased its debt ratio in 2007. Net Profit Margin Net profit margin of a bank has been increased from 0. 12 to 0. 21. Horizontal and upright analysis Comparing analytical data for a current period with similar computations for prior years affords some basis for judging whether the condition of the business is improving or worsening. This comparison of data over time is called as horizontal or trend analysis, to express the idea of reviewing data for a number of consecutive periods. It is distinguished from vertical analysis or static analysis which refers to the review of the financial information of only one accounting period. HORIZONTAL ANALYSIS Balance sheet accounts 2007 2006 %age ASSETS property 13356055 14879230 -1523175 -10. 2369 balances wid other banks 3497054 7333002 -3835948 -52. 3107 Lendings 14444143 8392950 6051193 72. 9852 Investments 39431005 28625915 10805090 37. 74583 Advances 100780162 99179372 1600790 1. 614035 o. fixd assets 5128428 3810331 1318097 34. 59272 defferd tax assets other assets 5535038 3812788 1722250 45. 7036 kernel 182171885 166033588 16138297 9. 719899 LIABILITIES bills payable 2627051 1839077 787974 42. 4617 Borrowings 17553525 14964087 2589438 17. 30435 deposits&other acc 143036707 131839283 11197424 8. 493238 sub-ord loans 2997300 2998500 -1200 -0. 04002 liabl against assets deferred tax liab 471519 736298 -264779 -35. 608 other liab 3219796 2603113 616683 23. 6 9021 TOTAL 169905898 154980358 14925540 9. 630601 Net assets 12265987 11053230 1212757 10. 97197 PROFIT and loss accounts 2007 2006 %age interest earned 15143241 12596921 2546320 20. 21383 interest expensed 8685624 6977313 1708311 24. 48379 net mark up/interest income 6457617 5619608 838009 14. 1223 loans & advances 3920240 1128137 2792103 247. 4968 value of investment 1501 376 1125 299. 2021 bad debts written off 3921741 1128513 2793228 247. 14 interest income after provision 2535876 4491095 -1955219 -43. 5355 Non markup/interest income fee,comm,brockerage income 1072868 1013660 59208 5. 41012 dividends income 137079 109326 27753 25. 38554 income from dealing in for curr 655761 584344 71417 12. 22174 gain on trade of inv 2361251 112474 2248777 1999. 375 unleasing gain 1728 -2308 4036 -174. 87 other income 336809 321758 15051 4. 77739 total non markup/interest income 4565496 2139254 2426242 113. 4153 7101372 6630349 471023 7. 104045 Non markup/interest expense admin exp 4789536 3277353 1512183 46. 4038 other pro/write offs other charges 12051 6141 5910 96. 2384 total non markup/interest expense 4801587 3283494 1518093 46. 23407 2299785 3346855 -1047070 -31. 852 Profit before taxation current yrs 98535 983875 -885340 -89. 985 prior yrs -233950 Deferred -245812 113006 -358818 -317. 21 -381227 1096881 -1478108 -134. 756 Profit after taxation 2681012 2249974 431038 19. 15747 profit brought forward 1799979 1617597 182382 11. 7487 profit open for appr. 4480991 3867571 613420 15. 8606 VERTICAL ANALYSIS balance sheet accounts 2007 2006 ASSETS cash 13356055 7. 331567657 14879230 8. 961578 balances wid other banks 3497054 63. 8030698 7333002 4. 416577 lendings 14444143 7. 928854115 8392950 5. 054971 Investments 39431005 21. 64494538 2 8625915 17. 24104 advances 100780162 55. 32146851 99179372 59. 73452 o. fixd assets 5128428 2. 815158881 3810331 2. 294916 defferd tax assets other assets 5535038 3. 038360173 3812788 2. 296396 TOTAL 182171885 166033588 LIABILITIES Bills payable 2627051 1. 442072689 1839077 1. 107654 Borrowings 17553525 9. 635693784 14964087 9. 012687 deposits&other acc 143036707 78. 51744357 131839283 79. 40519 Sub-ord loans 2997300 1. 645314259 2998500 1. 80596 liabl against assets deferred tax liab 471519 0. 258831927 736298 0. 443463 other liab 3219796 1. 767449461 2603113 1. 67823 TOTAL 169905898 154980358 Net assets 12265987 11053230 Findings on the basis of analysis By the horizontal or comparative analysis in which base year is taken as 2006 certain changes are measured in the Banks performance. Cash with other banks and balances with other banks gradually increased in the time line showing the banks good performance and this indicate that bank can earn more by making balances with the other banks.Lending to financial institutions not done in the last year due to more investments done by the bank and by giving more and more advances to the customers but this also has increased the bad debts and provisions of the bank as compared to the previous years. Operating assets has been decreased so that is in kick upstairs of the bank. On the liabilities side bank also has increased its bills payable that shows that bank has certain increased in the liabilities as well banks deposits also increased showing the great penetration in the market place as well customers believe on the bank to make deposits thats why banks mark up expense has been increased. Equity also increased in the previous year but banks profit has been decreased because bank has invested so much and in the development process so increased in the expenses.Overall banks financial position in the marketplace has been increased in terms of de posits and advances. All these reasons are favorable to the bank in year 2006 because at one side banks assets have been increased in the form of advances and at other side markup income increased due to deposits because bank can more invest it Balance Sheets one portion that is Assets shows certain changes during the year. e. g Cash & balances with treasury banks have been increased that shows the bank has fulfil and improved SBP requirements because of maintenance of foreign currency as well as Pakistani currency with other banks due to this balances with the other banks whether outside the Pakistan or inside the Pakistan have been increased.While investment have been decreased due to making balances with the other banks and so advances increased by giving more to the customers so earning power also increased. In 2007 bank not lend money to the financial institutions. Banks operating fixed assets have been decreased to a small extent due to this profit also is increased because b ank is the service organization and for service organizations no need of more operating fixed assets. Banks deposits and other accounts have not been increased to the same extent as bank is giving advances. Well that shows a positive trend because bank expenses would be automatically decreased that are due to cash management.Banks net assets have been decreased because of less operating fixed assets and also due to increase in liabilities. Balance Sheet shows the assets are more contributed by the Advances and liabilities are more contributed y the Deposits that are favorable for the Bank. Overall turn up is less profit for 2007 as compared to 2006. But this has certain different reasons these are as follows Increase cash and balances with the other banks More advances Increase in deposits All these reasons are favorable to the bank in year 2007 because at one side banks assets have been increased in the form of advances and at other side markup income increased due to deposits be cause bank can more invest it. Applications of Class Room Concept In Accounts department there was an implementation of Financial Accounting in making balance sheets, income statements, calculation of depreciation etc In credits department there was an implementation of different categories of loans like personal loans, corporate loans etc which was studied in Financial Management. Recommendations Already the bank is having a good infrastructure not much recommendations are needed as a manager but few can work - Customers should be given some sort of facilities which can convince people for investment and go for Askari bank for Exports n Imports. Fist floor of bank is much congested, there is needed to work on that. There is not a proper environment of customer dealing on that floor thats why customer feels problem in that. Accounts department was much congested, so area of that department should be extended. After biannually closing of bank there should be a get together of a ll the employees of bank which can give them a healthy atmosphere to work. Few of the employees used to interfere in others work so they should be strictly advised to perform their own duty well. Categories Internship Comments are closed. Subscribe for Latest Updates Top of Form pic Your email pic pic Bottom of Form picpic Categories o Accounting o Articles o Internship o Management o Marketing o Presentations Usefull Links picpic Usefull Links picpicpicpicCopyright 2011 Reporties Database of Free Internship Reports & Articles.