The Physics Behind Remote Sensing :: Physics

Remote Sensing is the science of acquiring, processing and interpreting images that record the interaction between the electromagnetic capacity and matter (Sabins, 1997). Remote sensing offers extensive applications in almost every area of science from monitoring forest fires to geologic mapping . Although many aspects of away sensing are complex and difficult to understand the basic theory behind remote sensing is simple physics.There are four major(ip) stages of remote sensing. The first stage is the source of energy, usually the sun, which sends energy to a target. The second stage is the interactions that the energy depart go by as it passes by means of a vacuum and the earths atmosphere. There is then interactions that occurs with the body on earths surface. The energy again, goes through the atmosphere and finally the sensing element is able to detect and record the electromagnetic energy.Electromagnetic EnergyElectromagnetic energy is a dynamic form of energy that is cau sed by the acceleration or oscillation of a charged particle. All substances above absolute zero (0 Kelvin) emit a range of electromagnetic energy. The sun emits electromagnetic energy and often all of the natural electromagnetic energy injected into the earth is produced by the sun (Prakush, 2002).Electromagnetic RadiationElectromagnetic Radiation is the streams of mass-less particles, traveling in a harmonic, sinusoidal fusion at the velocity of light each possessing a specific amount of energy. The distance from one peak to the next is the wavelength and the number of peaks passing through a fixed point per unit time is the wave frequency (Lillesand and Kiefer, 1994). Electromagnetic radiation is Electromagnetic energy in motion and can be described by the basic wave theory.Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic waves are characterized by their wavelength location within the electromagnetic spectrum which is most commonly measured in micrometers. Names are often assigned to reg ions of the electromagnetic spectrum, but there is no clear cut dividing lines from one region to the next (Lillesand and Kiefer, 1994).Stefan - Boltzmann LawHow practically energy any objects radiates is a function of its surface temperature.The Stefan - Boltzmann equations tells one that as a temperature of a body increase the total radiance of the body will also increase. (Sabins, 1997).InteractionsThe way electromagnetic radation interacts with matter can be detected with different sensors. How the radation interacts depends upon the properties of the medium, the wavelength of the incedent radation and the incident angle. There are four major types of interactions that occur transmission, reflection, diffusion and absorption (Lillesand and Kiefer, 1994).

The significance of female characters in the progressof Homer’s novel E

The significance of female characters in the progressof Homers novel The OdysseyWomen are very important figures in Homers The Odyssey. genus Athene andPenelope are the devil primary examples. They help Odysseus in histravels in many ways through the story. They keep the readerinterested so that they keep reading to find prohibited what will happennext. Through break through the novel, they appear in many different forms.In this epic, several female characters had a profound effect on theplot. They wielded their play through typically feminine skillsand attributes seduction, supernatural powers, intelligence, andbeauty. Some of the women of The Odyssey influenced the actions ofmen, playing key roles in the epics, such as Athena, Penelope,Calypso, the Sirens, Helen, or Circe all keep been true, and inactuality, whitethorn be an entertaining interpretation of an actual TrojanWar. Since the Trojan War supposedly started because of a disputebetween the gods and mortals, the Trojan Wa r probably started becauseof a reason other than the reason Homer gives. If Homer were a woman,then he would have directed his audience into believing that womenwere at a higher(prenominal) level than men were by use of his epics. Ultimately,Homer would be utilizing his feminine characteristics when telling hisstories with underlying messages of feminine superiority or equality.As goddess of wisdom and contend, Athena naturally has a soft spot forthe brave and wily Odysseus. She helps him out of many toughsituations, including his shipwreck in Book 5 and the mismatchedbattle of Book 22. She does not merely impart sense and safety to herpassive charge, however. She takes an interest in Odysseus for thetalents he already has and actively demonstrates. Although shereassures Odysseus during the battle with the suitors, she does not snuff it fully involved, preferring instead to watch Odysseus fight andprevail on his own.She also often helps Telemachus as when she sends him off to Pylos andSparta to earn a name for himself but she has the intimately affection forOdysseus. Athena is confident, practical, clever, a master ofdisguises, and a great warrior, characteristics she finds reflected inTelemachus. Her role as goddess of the womanly arts gets very littleattention in the Odyssey. Penelope works at the loom all the time butrarely sees Athena, and then u... ...oes. These literature works gave many possibilitiesof definition of heroism. The Greeks illustrated heroism to adapt therules laid down by the gods and goddesses, and those who obey therules would gain honor and fame. The Greeks regarded intelligence asone of the highest gifts that all heroes must posses. The Greeksrequired that all heroes must have endurance and die a horrible death.We know him less from what he thought, which was seldom revealed, thanby what he says and did, and his actions follow naturally from hischaracteristics. If the cunning of Odysseus is mentioned more than hiscourage, it was h is courage that gets him into the scrapes from whichhis cunning had to deliver him. Odysseus had the all the qualitiesthat the Greek tradition required of all heroes, which were obey therules of gods, posses intelligence, and displayed courage. He was madea hero thanks to his own characteristics however, with out theguidance of Athena, his longing to be at home with his wife again andthe intervention of women on his journey, he would only be a hero bymyth not by what he has achieved through the trouble of getting homedue to the women he has encountered.

Early Ideas Behind Logic Programming :: Computers

Early Ideas Behind system of logic Programming Historical PerspectivesLogic computer programing is an approach to computer science in which the first order predicate logical system is hired as a high level programming language. The use of symbolic logic as a programming language has a history of not more than thirty years, but the study of the symbolic logic goes back to the work of Aristotle in the ivth century B. C. First Order Predicate Logic is a branch of symbolic logic that has evolved largely in the twentieth century.The history of logic programming started with symbolic logic, and then First Order Predicate Logic emerged from symbolic logic to form the base for Logic Programming. The history of logic programming can be classified into triad eras. The first era was the era of the pioneers in founding a symbolic language. The true development of the symbolic logic occurred in the second era, where the third era is the era of transition from symbolic logic to logic program ming.In each of the three eras many people contributed to the journey of developing Logic Programming, but we are going to mention only those who had deep influence on this development.Early Ideas of symbolical LogicWhat is now known as traditional logic began at the time of Aristotle over 22 centuries ago. Aristotle work was assembled by his students after his death in 322 B. C. Aristotle attempted to codify the knowledge into scientific system. His work is best understood as a theoretical study of successful debate techniques. Syllogism was Aristotle major reasoning technique to reach a rational conclusion. The syllogism is a set of rules governing what conclusion can be reached from a set of storys written in four statement forms.Based on the syllogism, students of Aristotle were able to isolate principles of deductive inference on a restricted form of statements called propositions. A proposition is any statement that can be assigned a truth value. Aristotle approach to logic became sacred, especially in the Middle Ages that no one even considered trying to advance until the seventeenth century.In unpublished writings, Leibniz (1646-1716) expressed his doubt about the perfection of Aristotelian logic. Leibniz found certain points where the syllogism seemed to be wrong or incomplete. Leibniz wrote about a new, universal language of mathematical logic to replace the syllogism. He anticipated that such a language would be able to solve philosophical problems in a mechanical way, and thereby bring peace to the world.

Civic Engagement: Voting, TV, and Efficacy Essay -- Politics Political

Civic Engagement Voting, TV, and EfficacyAbstractWell known is the fact that active participation in America has gone down. Voting, especially, has been affected. literary works and statistics on voting behavior have demonstrated these shocking results. But lack of voting is simply the beginning, several factors affect civic engagement among those ar the negative perceptions of politics received through televised media. This study found that several factors of significance with respect to efficacy, amount of TV watching, politician trust, and differences in gender factors. though Robert Putnams suggestion of too much television does hold true, other factors can be predictors as well. IntroductionAmerica was founded on the idea of democracy. As Piven and Cloward put it, Americans generally take for granted that ours is the very model of democracy (2000). There seems to be an evident breakdown in American politics, the electorate is voting less(prenominal) than they did in pre vious generations (Putnam 2000). I question whether this is the beginning of a massive breakdown in American politics or simply a move in the activity of the people. In sorting through much of the research on political opinions and voting very little is clear. Theorist and researchers differ on what is the major factor in the decline of voting in America. An influential idea provided by Robert Putnam was the increase in television watching and its effect on the American people. Others suggest that the growing economic inequality in American lives. But we are working with people who can be very affect and strange as maybe the outcomes. I try to look at many factors that may indicate some reasons to what a portion of the population ... ... the AmericanElectorate Eighth Ed. chapiter D.C. Congressional Quarterly Press.Piven, Frances Fox and Richard A. Cloward. (2000). Why Americans Still Dont VoteAnd Why Politicians Want It that Way. Boston Beacon Press, 229-237.Putnam, Ro bert D. (2000). bowl Alone. New York Touchstone, 252-253.Rust, Roland, Mukesh Bajaj, and George Haley. (1984). Efficient and Inefficient Mediafor Political Campaign Advertising. Journal of Advertising,13, 3, 45-49.Sifry, Micah L. Finding the Lost Voters. The American Prospect, 11, 6, 23-27.Stanley, Harold W. and Richard G Niemi. (2000). Vital Statistics on American Politics1999-2000. Washington D.C. Congressional Quarterly Press.Uslaner, Eric. (1998). Social Capital, Television, and the Mean World Trust,Optimism, and Civic Participation. Political Psychology, 19, 3, 441-467.

Asthma Essay -- essays research papers fc

Asthma is a disorder of the respiratory system in which the passages that enable pipeline to pass into and out of the lungs periodically narrow, causing coughing, wheezing, and suddenness of trace. This narrowing is typically temporary and reversible, but in severe attacks, asthma may result in death. Asthma most commonly refers to bronchial asthma, an fervency of the airways, but the term is also drug abused to refer to cardiac asthma, which develops when fluid builds up in the lungs as a complication of heart failure. This article focuses on bronchial asthma.More than 17 million Americans suffer from asthma, with nearly 5 million cases occurring in children under age 18. In the United States, asthma causes nearly 5,500 deaths each year. Asthma occurs in males and females of all ages, ethnic groups, and socioeconomic levels. For reasons not completely understood, asthma is generally more common in poor urban neighborhoods, in inhuman climates, and in industrialized countries .Among all Americans, the prevalence of asthma increase more than 60 percent between 1982 and 1994, especially among children. Deaths from asthma increased more than 55 percent from 1979 to 1992. Scientists suspect that increased exposure to second-hand cigarette smoke, growing populations in polluted city centers, and new housing that is poorly vent contribute to the increase in asthma cases.BreathingEvery cell in the human body requires oxygen to function, and the lungs make that oxygen available. With every breath we take, air travels to the lungs through a series of tubes and airways. After passing through the mouth and throat, air moves through the larynx, commonly known as the voice box, and because through the trachea, or windpipe. The trachea divides into two branches, called the right bronchus and the left bronchus, that connect directly to the lungs. Air continues through the bronchi, which divide into smaller and smaller air passages in the lungs, called bronchioles. The bronchioles end in clusters of tiny air sacs, called alveoli, which are surrounded by tiny, thin-walled blood vessels called capillaries.Here, deep in the lungs, oxygen diffuses through the alveoli walls and into the blood in the capillaries and gaseous waste products in the bloodmainly carbon dioxidediffuse through the capillary walls and into the alveoli. But if something prevents the oxygen from reaching t... ...ng, may provoke hyperventilation, a rapid inhalation of oxygen that causes the airway to narrow. In asthmatics, hyperventilation often results in an attack. Many asthmatics are especially sensitive to physical exercise in cold weather.Research suggests that genetic factors may increase the risk of developing the disorder. Children with a family history of asthma are more likely to develop asthma than otherwise children. Despite this apparent genetic link, many people without a family history of asthma develop the disorder, and scientists continue to investigate additio nal causes.TreatmentPhysicians typically key out asthma by looking for the classic symptoms episodic problems with breathing that include wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. When symptoms alone fail to establish a diagnosis of asthma, doctors may use spirometry, a test that measures airflow. By comparing a patients normal airflow, airflow during an attack, and airflow after the application of asthma medication, doctors determine whether the treat improves the patients breathing problems. If asthma medication helps, doctors usually diagnose the condition as asthma.Bibliographywww.scienceworld.com

Language and Meaning in Animal Farm by George Orwell Essay example --

Language and Meaning in Animal Farm by George OrwellIn Animal Farm, his allegory of the Soviet Revolution, Orwell examines the use of language and the subversion of the meaning of linguistic communication by sho fell how the sourcefulmanipulate nomenclature for their own benefit. As a journalist, Orwell knew the power of words to serve whichever side the writer backed. In the novel, sweet sand verbena is a quick talker who can always explain his way out of any situation. When the birds fair game to the maxim, Four legs good, two legs bad, that the pig teaches the sheep, he explains that the birds wing is an organ of propulsion and not of manipulation. It should therefore be regarded as a leg. The birds do not in impartiality understand this explanation, but they accept it. Orwell particularly comments on the abuse of language with his character Squealer, a brilliant talker, who acts as an unofficial head of propaganda for the pigs. Like Joseph Goebbels, who bore-hole the titl e of Nazi party minister of propaganda and subject enlightenment during World War II, Squealer could turn black into white. This is also reminiscent of the official newspaper of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Pravda, which was often utilize to rewrite the past. (Ironically, its title means Truth.) When a bad winter forces a reduction in nutrition rations to the animals, Squealer calls it a readjustment. In a totalistic state, language can be used tochange even the past. Squealer explains to the animals that Snowball had neveras many of them had trustd hithertoreceived the order of Animal Hero, commencement ceremony Class.God and ReligionIn the novel religion is represented by Moses, the tame raven. The clergy is presented as a privileged class tolerated by those in power because of their... ...d the commandment, however, it is discovered that it reads, No animal shall kill any other animal without cause. Somehow or other, the narrator comments, the last two words h ad slipped out of the animals memory. Similarly, when the pigs occur into a case of whiskey and get drunk, Muriel looks up at the barn hem in where the Seven Commandments had been compose and sees that the FifthCommandment reads, No animal shall assimilate alcohol to excess. She thinks the animals must have forgotten the last two words of this commandment as well. She comes to believethat the original event of the writing of the commandments on the wall did not happen the way she and other animals remember it. With this theme Orwell challenges the Soviet statesand any totalitarian states mode of controlling public opinion bymanipulating the truth and, in particular, rewriting history. Language and Meaning in Animal Farm by George Orwell Essay workout -- Language and Meaning in Animal Farm by George OrwellIn Animal Farm, his allegory of the Soviet Revolution, Orwell examines the use of language and the subversion of the meaning of words by showing how the powerfu lmanipulate words for their own benefit. As a journalist, Orwell knew the power of words to serve whichever side the writer backed. In the novel, Snowball is a quick talker who can always explain his way out of any situation. When the birds object to the maxim, Four legs good, two legs bad, that the pig teaches the sheep, he explains that the birds wing is an organ of propulsion and not of manipulation. It should therefore be regarded as a leg. The birds do not really understand this explanation, but they accept it. Orwell particularly comments on the abuse of language with his character Squealer, a brilliant talker, who acts as an unofficial head of propaganda for the pigs. Like Joseph Goebbels, who bore the title of Nazi party minister of propaganda and national enlightenment during World War II, Squealer could turn black into white. This is also reminiscent of the official newspaper of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Pravda, which was often used to rewrite the past. (Iro nically, its title means Truth.) When a bad winter forces a reduction in food rations to the animals, Squealer calls it a readjustment. In a totalitarian state, language can be used tochange even the past. Squealer explains to the animals that Snowball had neveras many of them had believed hithertoreceived the order of Animal Hero, First Class.God and ReligionIn the novel religion is represented by Moses, the tame raven. The clergy is presented as a privileged class tolerated by those in power because of their... ...d the commandment, however, it is discovered that it reads, No animal shall kill any other animal without cause. Somehow or other, the narrator comments, the last two words had slipped out of the animals memory. Similarly, when the pigs get into a case of whiskey and get drunk, Muriel looks up at the barn wall where the Seven Commandments had been written and sees that the FifthCommandment reads, No animal shall drink alcohol to excess. She thinks the animals must have forgotten the last two words of this commandment as well. She comes to believethat the original event of the writing of the commandments on the wall did not happen the way she and other animals remember it. With this theme Orwell challenges the Soviet statesand any totalitarian statesmethod of controlling public opinion bymanipulating the truth and, in particular, rewriting history.

Leadership styles case study

1. Northwest Center for Families (NCF) practices transactional loss leadership. This is because its director, after attending the conference on dual relationships in social work, has already created a clear structure on what she wants her subordinates to do and if they do not follow, necessary punishment has alike been in-placed. She did this by sending out a memoranda prohibiting dual relationships in social workers relations with clients, which when disobeyed will result to their termination. Employees were even advised to report non-sanctioned interaction between them and their clients. The directors directive also mentioned that employees should eat lunch only in the office when the construction of the new employee lounge is done.2. Southeast Social Services (SSS), on the other hand, practices transformational leadership. This is because its director has primarily regarded and convoluted his subordinates in his plans regarding the problem of dual relationship in social work by calling a meeting. Here, he shares his experiences and thoughts about the conference and his personalized mission to address the problem at hand. He motivates everyone and encourages the organization to be one in solving the problem, thus being more efficient in their profession and service.3. I recommend that a health care or human service organization adopt or practice transformational leadership. This is because an organization involved in healthcare or human services needs a competent, professional, skillful, and personable leader. He or she must possess familiarity with the programs of the organization and the knowledge and skills to accomplish these. Furthermore, he or she must possess values and awareness on others welfare and situations (Rudnick, 2007). Since the healthcare and the human services fields require utmost and voluntary service, employees should be given proper, sensitive, and sensible motivation for them to function for the community and not be intimidated b y rules of a tyrannical leader. In this sense, a transformational leader can ensure employees loyalty to the organizations mission (Rudnick, 2007).

East Asian History Essay

In the year 1943, the allied forces made a Deceleration in Cairo pledging freedom for the Korean peninsula from Japan. The US, China and expectant Britain were the main parties involved in this declaration, often known as the Cairo Declaration. In the Yalta Conference, Roosevelt made a proposal to the USSR leaders for having a four-power leading of Korea. Although, Stalin took President Roosevelt points into consideration, no formal agreement was reached upon. President Roosevelt proposed that the US, USSR, Great Britain and China would take hold on Korea.Following these talks, the tension between the communist nations and the horse opera nations began to rise. In the Postdam conference in July 1945, Independence was promised for Korea. The US asked the USSR to enter the war with Japan to free Korea. However, they also suggested that the Japanese could not be flaked from Korea, unless the Japanese mainlands were captured. The USSR regular army attacked the Japanese forces from th e northern side after capturing Manchuria. Following the American bombing of the Japanese cities in August 8, 1945, the Japanese troops began to surrender.The 3eighth Parallel was utilized as a line of get over. northmost of this line, the USSR troops took charge and south of this line, the American army had control. The Japanese forces actually surrendered to the US forces on September 8th in Seoul. The USSR forces began to seal the line of control. The USSR forces were however present in Korea earlier compared to the American forces. There are many reasons as to why the US giving medication wanted to divide Korea. Some suggest that it was basically done to prevent the USSR army from occupying the entire Korea.Other felt that it was to increase the troops presence (from several(prenominal) countries) in Korea, and in this way prevent any single power from taking control of Korea. Initially, the Korean division was proposed as a temporary measure (basically for military operati ons). However, the conflict between the Eastern and Western powers meant that no particular solution was reached for this issue. In this way Korea continued to be divided (Turner Learning, 2007 & Britannica Encyclopedia, 2007). Once Korea was divided, the Americans began to shake off a Government under Korea under the rule of Syngman Rhee.This government activity was basically set up against communism. South Korea was called as Republic of Korea. In the northern side, the USSR government set up a communist government under the rule of Kim II Sung. This state was called as Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea. Kim II Sung was actually a major of the Red Army. After the World War II he was considered the head of the North Korean communist party. He was appointed the head of a committee for settling administrative issues. In 1947, a legislative assembly was formed in North Korea, and Kim was elected the head. He had a strong military presence in North Korea.Initially, Stalin wanted t o stop Kim from using communist influence in North Korea, but Kim was against this. Later, Stalin and Kim were planning to enforce communism throughout Korea. Kim II Sungs army was known as the North Korean Military Army. This army include a few generals who had waged war against the Japanese. Kim was interested in developing a nation that was torn out of war. He brought all agricultural activities under the control of state. He also started developing the industry in Korea. On the other hand, the South Koreans did not have a strong military presence under the US army.When the US army was withdrawing its troops in 1949, only about 100, 000 soldiers were trained in the South Korean Army. The Russians began to support an attack of South Korea in the year 1950. North Korea utilized Russian artillery, guns and tanks to launch an attack in South Korea. The South Koreans were unprepared by the attack from the North Koreans. The American aid was rather insufficient. The Americans and the UN had to support South Korea in its fight against North Korea during the Korean War (Turner Learning, 2007 & Britannica Encyclopedia, 2007).

Psychological Pricing

MKT 521 *Psychological Pricing S*trategy draw arrange Reference Pricing. Any business heap leverage on file name extension pricing by positioning their harvest-feast in the market place along with high value or luxury items to make consumers perceive that its product fits into the same category. However, if consumers feel that the product does not belong in that category the pricing and positioning strategy will not work and be it counterproductive for the product and the company.Two common forms of psychological pricing are odd pricing, and prestige pricing. Odd Pricing. In a study conducted by Schindler & Kibarian in 1996 they tried and true odd pricing using three versions of a direct mail catalog for womens clothing. The catalogs were identical except for the prices which ended with 00, 99 or 88. The version with prices cease in 99 generated 8% more sales volume and had more purchasers than the 00-ending version.The 88-ending catalog produced a similar sales volume and num ber of purchasers to the 00-ending version. In this example we can clearly see how the consumer perception of better value directly impacted sales, even though there was an alternative that ended in 88 which will actually be lower in value was not identified by consumers. Luxury *Prestige Pricing*. drawframe Higher prices usually denote higher quality.Luxury brands are a perfect fit of this strategy. Another example of companies that use prestige pricing in the car industry are Mercedes-Benz, Ferrari and Rolls Royce. Psychological pricing is a good strategy to use when the company is certain that it will be the best-fit for the product, otherwise it can be counterproductive. References Kotler Philip, Armstrong Gary. Principles of Marketing Thirteen Edition. Prentice hall

Kimpton Hotels Earthcare Program Essay

What are the eudaemonias of Kimptons environmental sustainability initiatives? What are its be? The benefit of the program is to put back into the earth what is being taken out. Many companies who support Eco friendly establishments will book specifically with the Kimpton hotel in support of their EarthCare program. The costs are greater for not putting back into the environment what is taken out. In the long run being non eco friendly will cost Kimpton hotels more than what they spend on the initiative.How would you justify the EarthCare program to Kimptons board of directors and stockholders? That is, what is the business case for the program?The business case for the stockholders would be increased bookings from corporations and individuals that support the EarthCare program. By Kimpton hotels implementing an offensive eco friendly plan, their hotels will stand out from the rest and be well known for their allegiance to put back into the earth what they take.What challenges f ace the EarthCare program, and how readiness Kimpton overcome them?A couple of challenges that they face is the increased cost for some of the raw materials, such as sheets. A way to overcome that is to have aggressive buyers that work diligently to get the cost down by bulk buying for all of the hotels and then distributing from one central hub.The second challenge would be the employees acceptance to the program. This can be overcome simply by getting all employees involved in the initiative and keeping the distinguish of communication open so that every stays informed and feels part of the decision process.What further steps should Kimpton take to institutionalize its environmental commitments?Kimpton should show their commitment by becoming ISO 14000 certified. This would show their commitment to customers, investors, shareholders and stakeholders.

Associate Level Material Essay

DirectionsChoose one of the Facts for Consideration sections from Ch. 3 of the text and list the page number for the section you chose. Then, stop the following table. List five threats take into account to the environment from the section you chose. Rate the risk for each threat from 0 (low) to 10 (high). Then, list five appropriate countermeasures. Once you complete the table, write a brief explanation of the countermeasures for the two threats with the highest risk total, stating how the countermeasure reduces the risk associated with that threat.The inmate escape is very important. If there are special(a) guards then it will be easy to prevent this from runing, especially since some trips can take up to 48 hours to complete. With all the stopping (two to eight lucre on any given trip) and going it would be great to have the countermeasure. When itcomes to inmates taking over the van, I feel as though that is something that can happen even if there are two officers on the van . Inmates are strong and they always have something up their sleeves. So if we were to take the countermeasure and actually have them check up on before they get on the van and then handcuffed it makes the ride safer and less threatening.

The Caliper and Micrometer

The vernier scale Caliper and Micrometer Experiment 1AbstractThe activity involved the use of both vernier and micrometer gauge calipers accurately on measuring provided materials. The objectives of the act were to familiarize the students with the use of the said scales and to demonstrate their differences. The dimensions of a gold-bearing cube made of steel and a metallic washer were mensural using a vernier caliper while that of a marble made of glass and the same metal cube were measured using the micrometer caliper. The density and percentage faulting of each material were then computed using the values obtained. Guide Questions1.) Differentiate the vernier and micrometer scales?The Vernier caliper is an extremely precise measuring cats-paw its accuracy is 0.05mm. It can show measurements up to two decimal places in millimeters. It has main scale, which shows whole amount and the vernier scale which gives decimal values. The vernier is capable of measuring the outer and inner dimensions including the depth. A micrometer caliper uses a calibrated screw for measurement, kind of than a slide which the vernier caliper uses. . It can show measurements up to three decimal places in millimeters. It also has a main scale exchangeable the vernier caliper with the same purpose with the micrometer scale showing decimal values. Its accuracy is equal to 0.01 mm making it more accurate than the vernier caliper. The micrometer can only measure the outer dimensions of an object.2.) Draw the figure for micrometer readings belowi. 3.685 mmii. 1.5963.) State some of the errors the one might make in measuring length using both vernier and micrometer calipers.The errors that one may make in measuring length using both the vernier and micrometer calipers are the incorrect reading of measurements. There can also be human misinterpretation, meaning that the person may have set the instrument too tight which may deform the object or too lose which leaves extra space for error. The device can also be small promoting errors.4.) Determine the percentage error for an observed value of 1.11210-5 if the standard value is 1.11710-5?%error = actual value-observed value x100 actual value%error= 1.11710-5-1.11210-5 x100 1.11710-5 %error= 5.00010-8 x100 1.11710-5 %error= 4.47610-3 x 100 %error= .4476%

Sociological Conflict Theory

Teenage suicide, the troika leading cause of death for those 13-18 years old, is a complexity of skips which culminates in a catastrophic action, the source of which can only be partially examined or explained by the 3 main sociological theories. Functionalism would act to illustrate suicide as a working part of societythe weak and possibly the unplaced eliminate themselves, al embarrasseding society to devote resources to other issues. A con of this surmisal is that it does not address the issue what motivated suicide may be a significant issue within society.Another con of this theory is that it fails to see global perspective and even a family view, thereby forcing society to use resources on family this could be more costly than assisting the anomie. Another theory why young suicide is functional to our society is that failed suicide attempts give us invaluable information into the minds of those in this desperate state. A study was taken of teenagers who had act suicide in British Columbia. It found common denominators such as problems in their family situations, the pressure to excel, and low self-esteem.The data collected shows an example of functionalism because it can prevent future suicides. Although suicide is perceived as a completely personal act, it creates negative latent functions that echo throughout society as a whole. When economic times argon tough, some social welf argon programs may be cut leading to higher(prenominal) suicide rates. One example is that in Europe suicide can affect how economic decisions are made by the governments welfare programs (International Journal of Social Welfare Article published online 9 FEB 2011). This ultimately decreases the size of the work force possibly negatively effecting economic recovery.The Marx Conflict conjecture does an exemplary job in outlining the precursors for teenage suicide by exposing the cardinal conflict existing surrounded by classes. This class conflict can be easily see n in American high school today. there are several factors which increase the risk of teenage suicide which vary slightly from survey to survey, besides all include stress over relationships and/or performance expectations. The Conflict Theory, however, does little to address the underlying individual motivations involved in teenage suicides.For example, it does not address warning signs or the fact that a predominance of those committing suicide or attempting to commit suicide has at least atomic number 53, often more than one emotional or psychological disorder. Children from the ages 15-24 are more prone for suicide due to the major changes that are occurring at this stage of life. There are many images and labels associated with teenage suicide, which coincide with the symbolic interactionism theory. Studies show that goths are more likely to commit suicide than normal teens (http//www. cvpy. org/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/goth-teens-dhr. df). The reasons behind a te ens suicide or attempt suicide can be complex some may even see it as a solution. Feelings of rejection, hurt, loss, anger, shame, or guilt can be contributing factors. Concern over disappointing friends or family members, ruling unwanted, unloved, victimized, or like theyre a burden to others can lead to suicidal thoughts. Labeled teenage subcultures are often targets for bullying and teasing, which can lead to a teens suicide (http//alterophobia. blogspot. com/2008/05/tempest-smith-another-victim-of-hatred. html).Often, suicidal teens are seen as alienated or unduly stressed, unable to cope with the demands placed on them by their parents, peers, and the media. at bottom some subcultures, suicide itself may be seen as glamorous, noble, a way to lighten the burden on others, or a way to reject the norms of society. Each theory can contribute to the sociological reason and interpretation of teenage suicidal tendencies none stand alone in providing a thorough explanation of this societal woe, though symbolic interactionism provides the most adequate examination of the issue, due to the many images and labels that are associated with teenage suicide.

Bad Cafeteria FoodFinal

However, this only my opinion bout how feel about public cultivate living, provided I get out get more in-depth with this issue later in this research. The History Poor support has been a problem for years in the public inform system and contributing to puerility obesity. Before childhood obesity became an issue and what kind of nutrition a child was receiving from outside the nursing home, people would come home from domesticate/work to have lunch with their family. However, the concept of cafeteria school lunch choice did not exist in the early years (1930-1960).While time continued to move forward, the ideal of installing vending machines dumbfound to emerge in a few public schools. Cafeterias today lean more towards federal nutritionary recommendations, regional culinary preferences, and portion sizes to cut down on nutriment cost for that particular school district. The question often comes up how wellness is cafeteria nutrition in public schools? There be numerou s factors that points to the fact there is unhealthy eating in school. However when the fare is prep ard, the cafeteria has a large meeting to feed, therefore nutrition is their least worries.I think that the school system wouldnt spend the extra money on better nutrition foods for the scholarly persons. In recent surrey, taste cost and convenience were the main factors in why students choose to eat this unhealthy food. Environmental Stance From an surroundingsal prospective, most public school systems are reaching out to local farmers and producers for their products. By getting their products from local farmers and producers, this will cut down on cost and slow down global warming through transportation.The public schools that continue to outsource their products, it has a high chance of bringing in parasites and other insects. I think school food environs plays a huge role in society and contributes to childhood obesity. There a many health risks that is associated with chi ldhood obesity. The school cafeterias allow the students to purchase junk food and extras doing lunch hours. Although the students make a tolerant transition from grade level to a higher grade level, their appetite gets bigger and requires more food consumptions.As the student gets older, they will become more particular on what they want to arrogate in their body, and without the approach pattern of eating healthy, this could promote health risks. This exemplifies that practicing eating healthy can contribute to an ongoing healthy lifestyle. What send packing Be Done? I think that I have concluded that cafeteria food is unhealthy for students in public schools. However, think this could be change with the correct steps and strong support from the parents and staff. Once the correct changes have been put into place, I think the public school system could also promote a healthy eating lifestyle.So now the question is what is the solution to this problem? Finding a Solution We live that cafeteria food is bad for the students in the public school systems and the contribution to childhood obesity. The Hunger-Free Kids move of 2010, set nutrition standards for all food served in schools (school alimentation) to promote an early healthy lifestyle. However, since the problem has been revealed, the next thing to do is to put in a solution and advantages. There are a few options that I will discuss later during this research on different solutions that may prevent this ongoing problem.Hunger-Free The Hunger-Free Act of 201 0 improved the health of 32 million children that ate school lunches the whole time during their enrollment. (school Nutrition) A lot of these improvements came from shrinking the meal size that the students were receiving. For example, some schools offered the students fruits instead of extra meats. The giving medication released sore changes in the duration such as, low calories meals and whole grain breads. Because of the authorities stepping in, a campaign was put in place to reduce the number of overweight students through exercise and a healthier lifestyle.Advantages From a political stand point, the government has organized programs to help the growing problem of childhood obesity as I stated earlier. The program will amplify more fruits and green vegetables to breakfast and lunches with less brininess usage. (school Nutrition) Therefore, the government also added to reduced starchy foods like rice and potatoes. The government estimates that the rules will add about 33. Billion in costs to the program for an efficient use. (Cafeteria nutrition and sparing) think that the improvements that the government is doing will decrease the rapid rate of childhood obesity. From our perspective, the new rules improve school nutrition, but at the same time give schools flexibility to serve a variety of foods to meet the standards, said Carrey Henry. more or less school districts are turning to their local farmers an d producers to cut down on global warming. This is an advantage because, by getting the products locally the gas usage that is use doing shipping and which toxic chemicals are been release into the atmosphere. another(prenominal) advantage is that there will be fewer chemicals used to preserve the produce as its been shipped to the school.An estimated 25 percent of the greenhouse gas emissions produced by people in industrialized nations can be traced to the food they eat Cafeteria Food and Global Warming 2008). I think that this is a reasonable solution to help the environment while food is being disbursed throughout the school system. School meal programs across the country are run somewhat like restaurants, relying on federal and state subsidies that often make decisions for them. Cafeteria Food and Economic) However, when the federal government is involved more money can be moved around quick and put to its proper use or plans. The federal government provides $2. 7 per meal for students eligible for a reduced-price lunch and 23 cents for students who pay full-price for their lunch. By lowering the price for meals, I think that will the student more money to eat a reimbursable lunch and breakfast during enrollment in school. The federal government helps the school system by providing funds and brightens up the economic side of things. Finding a helplessness There are many things that could be done to improve the food thats being served of the public school cafeterias. However, there are only so many ideals that can be brought up to a raillery about ways to make the food healthier.The federal government tends to oversee these things in the public systems, but its up to the student parents to enforce these rules and make sure their kids are getting the proper nutrition. Therefore, if there are some advantages, I am quite sure that there are some disadvantages among these solutions. The Disadvantage When you comprehend the word disadvantage what is the fir st thing that comes to our mind? However, school cafeteria food line may choose a number of unhealthy choices, most school cafeterias do include nutritious foods as well. I think most of the unhealthy food that is provided by the school, operates of the government budget which equals poor quality food for the students that attend that particular school district. Earlier in this research, I stated a few advantages that I feel may guide this situation in the correct direction. I hope that the disadvantages that I will state later in this research will not change your thoughts on the advantages. Stated Disadvantages fleshiness is rising in the school system because of the poor nutrition that the students are receiving.Economy sits and psychologists are developing a new set of tools that promise to help relax the tension between these two competing views of school lunches. (Cafeteria Food and Disadvantages) However, one economic disadvantage is limited budgets for purchasing ingredien ts that go into a meal. Public schools are in the direst shape with only $1 per plate available for actual food costs. (Cafeteria Food and Disadvantages) By the school being limited on what ingredients to by, that old be a disadvantage to supplying poor nutrition to students.

Equity Warrant Bonds Essay

comeliness warrant bonds argon bonds counterd with equity warrants attached. Warrants are similar to share options, and give their holder the right further not the obligation to subscribe for a fixed quantity of equity stocks in the community at a future date, and at a fixed subscription price ( utilization price). When bonds are issued with warrants, the warrants are detach suitable and give notice be sold in the stock foodstuff separately from the bonds. Investors might therefore subscribe to an issue of equity warrant bonds, hold the bonds to maturity (as a long-term investment) and sell the warrants in the stock market fairly soon after purchase.Equity warrant bonds are unsecured, and offer a lower voucher rate of interest than similar straight bonds issued at the same time and for the same maturity. In these respects, they are similar to convertible bonds. A feature of equity warrant bonds is that if the warrants are exercised, the money obtained from issuing the impuden t stocks quarter be used to help redeem the bonds. The debt capital therefore will be replaced, in part at least, by new equity. Equity warrant bonds were used extensively in 198889 by Japanese companies to raise capital in the euro convertibles market.Most had a five-year term, with the warrants exercisable at maturity of the bonds. adjacent the start of the move over in Japanese share prices in 1989, the warrants linked to the bond issues became worthless because they had an exercise price well above the current share price. When some of these equity warrant bond issues mature in the mid-1990s, cash had to be found to redeem the bonds. Because share prices were then quite low, some of the companies were able to issue new equity warrant bonds.The cash from the new bond issues was used to redeem the maturing debt. Since the collapse of the late 1980s, equity warrant bonds have not regained their popularity. In the late 1990s they have had limited, medical specialist appeal, not ably in Germany and Switzerland. Another development specific to the late 1990s is the rise of the exchangeable market. These are bonds that the issuer redeems in another companys stocks, often allowing it to divest non-core stockholdings.In France and Japan, for instance, a large counterbalance of stocks in companies are held by other companies, rather than by insurance or pension funds. Derivatives can be a better way of rationalizing such corporate cross-holdings than selling them in the market. Interest on convertible bonds and equity warrant bonds is usually an deductible charge for tax purposes, so that their after-tax cost to the company is lower than the gross yield to investors. Dividends on preferred stocks, on the other hand, are not an allowable expense for tax purposes.

An Investigation Into the Language Used in Childrens Advertising

An Investigation into the Language commit in Childrens Advertising Contents Hypothesis Introduction Methodology Analysis Conclusion paygrade Bibliography Appendix Hypothesis In my investigation I am going to lose it the spoken communication employ in kidskinrens picture referising t one(a) specific completelyy at whether the phrase apply is aimed in general at the small fryren or their p atomic second 18nts. Introduction I contain chosen to look at the address utilize in kidskinrens noneising beca subprogram I am interested in how the talking to of discoerising fundament be intentd to influence small fryren and their p arents and am specifically interested in trying to analyse this for misss.I promise that I send away similarly draw on my deliver early experiences to help me with some of my conclusions. When I was 4 years old I wanted the new child Born snort truly badly and kept asking my mum until I got it. When I did get it, I p balladed with it a lways and gradually lost the different accessories that came with her. I record distinctly that when my piddling sister simulated military operationed with her Barbie dolls when she was young that she would use an American accent when do the dolls speak.I was never sure why she did this that I did have over it amusing. I am aiming to find out whether linguistic process in liftising is manipulative, whether it reinforces traditional gender categories and whether I believe it to be a lordly force or non. The use of language in television markising is influenced by other circumstanceors such as whether articulates apply are that of a man, woman or child. The studies I have read indicate that voiceovers surpassn by men are far to a greater extent(prenominal) effective for successful marketing than those by women.The 1979 depicted object found that quite often even if the return was seen as fe male, approximately fille ranked ads used men for the voice-overs and t hat where women voice-overs were used they were only for girls wares which would come out to imply that these fruits didnt warrant the recommendation of a man. Studies found that people respond better to male voices than female voices. I have read some studies on childrens advert and a concur on advertising (see Bibliography) and the findings of these do me interested in finding out whether modern advertising supports the findings of these studies. Children look out personality and behaviour patterns through the imitation of their own parents attitudes and behaviours and go out acquire the patterns of behaviour more quick where in that respect is an taking model whose behaviour is rewarded (Smith, 1994). As purpose of my work I am look at whether my adverts support traditional gender roles. Methodology I impart watch ads on childrens television channels. The channels I am going to be watching are knapelodeon and Nick Junior.To carry out my investigation I needed in fo and the only way for me to collect this was to watch childrens TV, record the advertisements, transcribe them and then analyse my findings. My transcriptions have been included in my Appendix. To ensure that my selective information and any conclusions drawn from analysing it are valid I have used actual adverts and transcri chicane them carefully, and not made up any of my findings. I must not over generalise as it is behind to assume that what I find from my transcriptions is true of all advertisements and this is incorrect as all adverts are different.To analyse my data I am going to look at pragmatics and grammar. I whitethorn also curb observations on lexis and semantics. I decided to analyse my data this way because I am looking at the language of advertising, i. e. the actors line and how they are used and also how it influences and this will help me answer my key question. My data is organised by transcript and I am going to analyse each of my transcripts separately. I apprehend that this will give me common results that I can include in my conclusions. Analysis likeness 1 Syllables amount of money emergence of words 1 41 2 16 3 3 4 0 I was interested in seeing the daedality of the words used in these adverts and I looked at the bod of syllables in each word in each advert.The carry over to a higher place shows the add up of words with 1, 2, 3 and 4 syllables and clearly shows that easy(a) words of 1 and 2 syllables comprise the study part of this advert. Only one of the 3 syllable words is used in the main part of the advertisement which is aimed at the child, the other twain are in the end part which is delivered by and directed at adults. This advert is for a bread Chou doll that has bruises that dis step to the fore when the area is warmed up. This is going on the idea that parents take up their children all better if they are hurt.This will appeal to young girls as not only is it a doll that they can antic with but it i s also something they can care for and constrain better themselves, just as their parents do for them. The sing form voice used in the advert mirrors the way a good deal of adults talk to their babies and small children and little children learn by copying or imitating their parents so this advertisement could influence little girls by letting them behave like a openhanded up on a doll that gives them a reaction.They want the responsibility of looking after something and this doll pretends that they are responsible for making it better. Dep finish on how old the child is, they may believe that they are truly making the doll better. Every time the sing song voice is used it is delivered in the equal way, in the same tone of voice and is to the same tune. This shows prosodic features the effect of the sing song voice followed by the childs statement is almost one of versification, in the pattern of 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4, 1, 5.The language used in the advertisement along with the visu al triggers are belike to create desire for the product and if the parents intuitive feeling that it will instigate their children to be lovingness and responsible then their purchasing decisions are likely to be influenced. It does encourage caring as the child playing with the doll take shapes the doll better and also strengthened caring by the use of caring language such as Mummy be your mendelevium, Mummy gift me better, Heres your euphony (sing song voice) and I love you (little girl).The language in this is not openly manipulative but the constant repetition of the appoint of the doll, Mummy make me better will ensure the child remembers the abduce of the product even if they are quite small, and will want it. By casting the little girl as the Mother figure, and using the sing song voice to indicate the little girls role i. e. Mummy make me better, Mummy loves her female child, it encourages the child to want to take on that role. I feel that this advertisement rei nforces the traditional gender behaviour patterns because the little girl playing with the doll is being encouraged to behave like a traditional caring mother.There would be a very different impact if the sing song voiceover was that of a man because traditionally the parent that looks after sick children is the woman. I think that the language in this advert is primarily aimed at children. However because it encourages caring behaviour it can influence the parents Grammar This advertisement uses short sentences in the beginning which are aimed at the child watching the advert and at the end it says bruises disappear with warm Chou Chou Mummy Make Me Better from Zaph Creation, this is aimed at the parents as it is a longer and more complex sentence.The words used are more often than not one or deuce syllables, with the exception of three which are three syllables, medicine, disappear and Creation. The use of simple words with a small number of syllables shows us that it is primaril y aimed at children. The sing song voice featured in the advert uses repetition, mama make me better, mummy be your doctor, mummy make me better, mummy loves her daughter and mummy make me better. This emphasises the name of the product and helps whoever is listening to store the name in their memory. Pragmatics The language is simple and active rather than passive i. . shows the child doing mummy make me better here is your medicine. Active language is involving and shows doing rather that watching. Transcript 2 Syllables Total number of words 1 45 2 7 3 1 4 0 Once again I looked at the complexity of the words used. The remit above shows the number of words with 1, 2, 3 and 4 syllables and clearly shows that simple words of 1 and 2 syllables comprise the major part of this advert, with most of these being one syllable. This advert is for a digital house where the 6 pixelated girls living in it can earn points and get the beat out room in the house if they have the most point s. Every pre-teen wants the outdo room with the best things and this is kindly to their interests. Im Queen of the house implies that the girl with the best room is the best and most popular out of them all. The fact that this advert is delivered mostly in song and in an American accent exaggerates its appeal because a lot of pre-teens use an American accent when they are playing because they imitate the role model in the advertisement, which in the case of this advert, is a teenage American girl. The language in this advert is aimed solely at children.It appeals this instant to the interests of pre-teens. Grammar The slogan pick pick pixel chick roomies emphasised the name of the product by tell the prime(prenominal) sound of the product name twice before it and also by using alliteration. This advert mainly comprises of a single long sentence punctuated by one second pauses which help give the advert impact. The viewer has time to absorb one part of the advert before the next part is delivered. Pragmatics There are lots of games to play yeah the fun never stops. This will appeal to pre-teens as it is an environment over which they have full control and there are no adult figures involved, and what pre-teen hasnt imagined or even fantasised about the fun they would like to have in a house with no adults and how late they would go to bed It is not openly manipulative but it plays on the (rather attractive) idea of having as much fun as you want in your own house and will thence encourage pre-teens to want this product.This makes it subtly manipulative. Transcript 3 Syllables Total 1 29 2 11 3 1 4 1 The language used is simple and comprises mostly of one or two syllable words. The table above shows the number of words with 1, 2, 3 and 4 syllables and clearly shows that simple words of 1 and 2 syllables comprise the majority of this advert, with most of these being one syllable. This is an advert is for a glittery improvised tat withal set. It openl y reinforces traditional gender categories as it is clearly aimed at young girls, and girls trying to make themselves pretty and girls that are looking for the drunken revelry factor.The language in this advert is aimed at children. Grammar This advert does use manipulative language everything you need indicated to the watcher that they need the product instead of just wanting it and wow get these great glitter tattoos makes them more desirable and is almost acting as a neglect by using an imperative get it, get it, get it They look so cool all children want to be cool and will want a product that they think will make them cool. express your style gives the burden that this product will allow the user to be stylish by indicating that they have style and that this product will help them to express it. It is almost elliptical because it is economical with the number of words used and relies heavily on the visual accompaniment. Pragmatics It is delivered by a mature woman and shows the passage of choosing and applying the tattoo. This makes the children watching the advert think that it is easy to use, fun, pretty and makes them want it.I dont believe that the language used is a despotic force because it is openly encouraging young children to want and use tattoos at an age when they are not mature enough to understand the difference between temporary and perpetual tattoos. It could influence a rash decision in later life to get a fixed tattoo because they had a cool glittery one when they were young. Children are a very easy brand for advertising and so are very vulnerable to suggestion. They then use their parents as an easy target for pester power.Transcript 4 Syllables Total number of words 1 34 2 9 3 1 4 2 The language used is simple and comprises mostly of one or two syllable words.The table above shows the number of words with 1, 2, 3 and 4 syllables and clearly shows that simple words of 1 and 2 syllables comprise the most of this advert, wi th a lot of these being one syllable. Both of the 4 syllable words are used in the end of the adverts which is aimed specifically at parents This is an advert for a doll that has over 80 sounds and recognises her accessories and the name you give her. This advert is delivered as if the doll already belongs to the child you can name My Baby.This makes the child want it as it. Generally the language used is not manipulative but by saying you can name My Baby it is making the statement personal to the viewer and is likely to create desire for the product. The majority of the language in this advert is aimed at children with the ending aimed at parents. Grammar The use of the word can in this advert is makes the naming of the muck up modal because it is allowing the child to choose the name of the baby.Personal pronouns play a great part in this advert as the word you is used 3 times and is always referring to you as the child. This involves the child and is likely to make them want th e product more as they feel a sense of ownership. Pragmatics The doll makes over 80 sounds which would also appeal to the child as real babies make more than 80 sounds and the child wants a doll that is as real and life-like as possible. The doll also comes with accessories that it recognises.This is appealing as most parents want to spoil their child and the little girl will want to spoil her baby. I believe that this product will be attractive to parents as it encourages the child to be responsible as they can look after and interact with the doll. This makes the advert a positive force as it is teaching the child to be caring. This is stereotypical as there is the voice of a woman featured in the advert which acts like the mother figure of the child. The girl with the doll acts as the mother figure of the doll.Transcript 5 Syllables Total number of words 1 44 2 7 3 8 4 0 The language used is simple and comprises mostly of one or two syllable words.The table above shows the n umber of words with 1, 2, 3 and 4 syllables and clearly shows that simple words of 1 and 2 syllables comprise the most of this advert, with a lot of these being one syllable. Both of the 4 syllable words are used in the end of the adverts which is aimed specifically at parents This is an advert for a Baby Annabel accessory set consisting of a sheep toy that plays a soothing melody and a beautiful quilted bed set. It definitely reinforces traditional gender categories with the little girl mother place the baby to bed, playing a lullaby.I think that this is a positive force as it is making bedtime appear to be fun instead of something that young children avoid as best they can. This will make it more attractive to parents for the same reason that it might make it easier for them to put their own children to sleep. This advert is exploiting bedtime as it can be used as a fun time. The parents may see buying the doll for their child as an easier way of getting them to go to sleep, as A nnabel is in bed, they should be too In a way this exploits the maternal desire to get children to bed as the advert implies that this product will help.The language used in this advert is aimed both at children and their parents. The majority of the advert targets the child but the ending targets the parents. Grammar The language is subtly manipulative as it says you can lay your Baby Annabel in her bed which will make any child that already owns a Baby Annabel want the bed to put her in. The language used here is elliptical because the pauses in the advert create sentences which arent complete in their own right but dont be sad and listen to the sheep The sentences are a confection of complex here comes the night but dont be ad you can lay your baby Annabel in her bed, time for sleep I wish you sweet dreams and compound the baby Annabel bed with soothing melody and a beautiful quilted bed set sweet dreams for your baby, sentences. Pragmatics Sweet dreams for your Baby Annabel suggests that if you have the bed to put your doll in she will have sweet dreams. If you dont have one of these accessories then your doll wont have sweet dreams. This brings up that everyone wants the best for their child and wants them to be happy and therefore makes this set a must-have for young girls and their Baby Annabel dolls.Transcript 6 Syllables Total number of words 1 37 2 10 3 1 4 1 The language used is simple and comprises mostly of one or two syllable words.The table above shows the number of words with 1, 2, 3 and 4 syllables and clearly shows that simple words of 1 and 2 syllables comprise the most of this advert, with the majority of these being one syllable. This is an advert for a beauty kit from Bratz and includes airbrush colour, lip colour, stencils and clay glitter. This advert is delivered as a set of instructions, and as instructions are meant to be followed it is manipulative in the way that it is telling the viewer how to apply the make-up to the do ll.There are only five instructions and not all of them are directing you to do something to the doll so it is attractive in the way that is simple. Parents may find this product appealing as if it is that simple it will keep the pre-teen safely occupied without parental assistance. The use of the word magic 4 times in this short advert reinforces how amazing the product is. Anything that is magic is very likely to appeal to pre-teens. There are clues of traditional gender rules, a giving one being that the advert is for a make-up product which is aimed at pre-teen girls.The Bratz products are a pre-teen adjustment of Barbie products and allow the girls to apply the make-up themselves in a way they want to do it. For the reason above I think that this advert is a negative force. The language in this advert is aimed only at children. Grammar This advertisement uses alliteration in the product name, magic make-up and this is repeated 3 times passim the advert. There are a lot of im peratives used, turn it up, draw it on and stencil it there. Generally pre-teens respond to commands and this may increase the influence of the advertisement.Rhyme is used in the middle of the instructions for the use of the product, stencil it thereglitter everywhere. Rhyme can make information more memorable which could increase the impact of this advert. Pragmatics Body image is an issue raised by this product as by glamorising airbrush techniques, girls may feel under pressure to look a certain way and to have matte skin. This issue is also big in the world of celebrities as women that girls look up to as role models never get seen without a perfect face as their pictures are airbrushed.The dolls face is going to look matte and perfect as airbrush make-up is used and if the pre-teens own skin doesnt look the same when she starts wearing make-up she may feel ugly. Transcript 7 Syllables Total number of words 1 37 2 11 3 2 4 2 The language used is simple and comprises mostly o f one or two syllable words. The table above shows the number of words with 1, 2, 3 and 4 syllables and clearly shows that simple words of 1 and 2 syllables comprise the most of this advert, with a lot of these being one syllable. I have found that it is uncommon to have words of 3 or 4 syllables that are not featured in the product name. This is an advert for a Polly Pocket product that is a nursery with 5 newborn Dalmatian puppies.The first thing that I noticed about this advert is the instant use of alliteration in the act of the product, Polly Pocket Puppy Playhouse. The language used by the young girl is delivered in rhyme this makes it easier to remember as it is more likely to stick in your mind. It uses young monosyllabic language such as lots to do, so sweet and fun for whelp and you so that the young girls understand merely what the advert is trying to say. It also uses some slang, teen-speak, for drill wow neatIt doesnt teach the child to be caring as it is just a to y, they are not looking after the baby Dalmatians, they are playing with them on the Ferris wheel and the see-saw. I wouldnt say that there is a positive or a negative force as the aim of the product is purely for fun. There is also no parental manipulation as there is nothing for them to gain or nothing for their child to learn by them having the product. The language in this advert is aimed purely at children. GrammarThe grammar used is elliptical, when I looked at the sentences in the light of where the pauses are I noticed that they are not complete in themselves, for example lots to do, look a ferris wheel, a see-saw thats a table too and dalmation babies. Pragmatics There is a change of register at the end of the advert. The major part of the advert is delivered in a child-like way. The end of the advert, which is delivered by a male voice-over, is a complete adult sentence puppy playhouse with 5 newborns other puppies sold separately.There is no audio proof that this product is aimed at girls but as there are only girls featured in the advertisement we get the impression that it is, although the voice over is that of a man. Conclusion The language used in the majority of my adverts is aimed at children. Where the language is also aimed at parents it is usually towards the end of the advert, with the majority still being aimed at children. The following table shows a summary of whether the language used in my adverts is aimed at children, their parents or both children and their parents. Advertisement Children Parents Children & Parents 1 X 2 X 3 X 4 X 5 X 6 X 7 X If I had chosen educational toys for my study of language in advertising I think that more of the language would be aimed at parents. I think this because the parents would make a purchasing decision based on the educational value of the product as opposed to the play value which is offered in my chosen adverts.Where my adverts are aimed at both children and their p arents, there seems to be some positive benefit for the child, from the product. An example of this is My Baby Doll, see Transcript 4. It encourages the child to be responsible and caring and therefore appeals to the parents as well. Transcript 5 Baby Annabels Bed Set, appeals to parents as well because it makes bedtime fun. The table on a lower floor shows the total number of words in all the advertisements I looked at and shows how many syllables are in each. This shows conclusively that the words used in childrens advertising are generally very simple as there is a huge predominance of monosyllabic words. Syllables Total number of words 1 267 2 71 3 17 4 6 Several of my advertisements were subtly manipulative, and appealed to the mercenary and buttoned-down side of the children.I found this interesting because the results of one of my studies showed that advertising directed to children made them more materialistic and acquisitive. This study found that because the childre n were more acquisitive, it encouraged conflicts with both their friends and their parents. This study said that as children have under-developed reasoning, they cant work out whether information is rational or realistic and that they could easily be deceived and influenced by advertising. nigh all of my advertisements definitely reinforce gender categories i. e. the traditional role of the female, whether this be caring for children or making themselves look pretty. One of the studies I looked at (Lois. J.Smith, 1994) showed that children learn a lot about sex-type behaviours from television and the characters used are attractive models to copy because they are generally good looking. Advertisements show children how to behave and they accept the images they see as real. Evaluation I think my study is quite effective in terms of looking at the language related to young girls. I think my study would have had more validity if I had used a much larger range of advertisements, and if I had covered both play value and educational toys. It would also have been interesting to have included an equal number of advertisements aimed at boys and at both sexes. This would have allowed me to compare the language used in different areas and would have made my results more valid.On its own my key question was a little vague and if I had only communicate this question my study would have been very short. By including whether the language was manipulative, whether it reinforces traditional gender categories and whether or not it is a positive force I made my study more effective. I collected my data by watching and recording advertisements and transcribing exactly the language used in them. I dont believe that there could have been a more effective way of collecting my data. I analysed my data by looking at grammar and pragmatics. This was interesting however I could have improved my study by making more specific observations on lexis and semantics. Appendix

Land Rover Essay

The automotive industry has been better days. Many auto companies are now facing declining revenues and minus profits. Addition anyy, because of its primary dependence on products that consume petroleum, the auto industry has a big environmental blacken eye, especially companies that primarily make gas-guzzling trucks and SUVs.During the past few years, however, Land wanderer has experienced tremendous appendage in revenues and profits, It is currently selling more vehicles than ever worldwide. How is this possible for a gild that only sells SUVs? wholeness of the biggest reasons is Land Rovers strategic focus on social responsibility and environmentalism. Land Rover believes that it can meet consumer needs for luxury all-terrain vehicles while at the same time providing a vehicle that is kinder to the environment. As a corporation, it is also working feverishly to reduce its carbon emission, reduce waste, and reduce piddle consumption and pollution. With actions like this, La nd Rover is successfully repositioning its brand away from the standard perceptions of SUVs as environmental enemies.After viewing the video featuring Land Rover, answer the following question about the companys efforts toward social responsibility1. Make a list of social criticisms of the automotive industry. Discuss all of the ways that Land Rover is combating those criticisms.2. By the textbooks definition, does Land Rover practice sustainable marketing?3. Do you believe that Land Rover is sincere in its efforts to be environmentally well-disposed? Is it even possible for a large SUV to be environmentally friendly? Present support for both(prenominal) sides of these arguments.

Tourism Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

tourism Concepts - Essay ExampleThis pass delight has attractions such as Disneyland and Knotts Berry Farm along with some(prenominal) beaches along 40 miles along the coastline.Thirty-four incorporate cities are located in Orange County the newest is Aliso, which was incorporated in 2001. Anaheim is the oldest, incorporated in 1870 when the region was still part of neighboring Los Angeles County. It is the second most thickly settled city in Orange County (behind Santa Ana)1 and second largest in terms of land area, and it is known for its theme parks, sports teams and convention center.Selection of the Locale On the basis of personal knowledge and pile of 15 hatful people in a union, Anaheim, Orange County was selected as the destination for the study. The criteria used for the selection of the locale wasSalient Results The survey conducted in the community revealed that 10 disclose of 15 people wanted to avenge Anaheim, out of the tether choices given to them. Six out o f these ten dollar bill wanted to inspect Anaheim to applaud Disneyland. The rest four verbalise that they want to go there because it is a popular place and there are good reviews nigh the place. Interview conducted also revealed that the most gentle destination was Disneyland in Anaheim. This was the reason why they mad a visit to Anaheim. All five of them share that they enjoyed the digest and three of them would also like to recommend others to visit Anaheim.Being a wonderful vacat... Convenient/accessible locationTools and Techniques Previous knowledge obtained by the visit to the destination was applied. This was supported bySurvey of 15 people in a local community (please mention the place where you stay) was conducted. These people had never visited Anaheim (Annexure-1). Interview of 5 people who had visited Anaheim in their vacations. (Annexure-2).The study unless looked into several dimensions such as attractions, infrastructure, facilities, transportation and hos pitality. Internet search was carried out along with tourist transcend and maps and brochures in order to get the above information.Salient Results The survey conducted in the community revealed that 10 out of 15 people wanted to visit Anaheim, out of the three choices given to them. Six out of these ten wanted to visit Anaheim to enjoy Disneyland. The rest four said that they want to go there because it is a popular place and there are good reviews about the place. Interview conducted also revealed that the most attractive destination was Disneyland in Anaheim. This was the reason why they mad a visit to Anaheim. All five of them shared that they enjoyed the stay and three of them would also like to recommend others to visit Anaheim. Being a wonderful vacation delight, Anaheim offers all kinds of facilities from basic to luxurious lodging facilities which actually impresses the visitors. It has luxury hotels and resorts, historic inns and hotels, condon and vacation houses , exten ded stay and corporate housing restaurants, motels, RV parks and camping. Anaheim provides access to all kinds of a good infrastructure and allows visitors to enjoy destination in a safe and hygienic manner. This was believed by all the interviwee. Interview of the tourists revealed that

Environment and Economic Geography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Environment and Economic Geography - Essay ExampleIn the twenty first- carbon roughly of the national and international issues atomic number 18 governed by environmental challenges which require thorough understanding of the stintings of environment. This century will be an era of many losses, remarkable changes and cosmologic differences, solely it is conceivable that societies will successfully make the transition from goals of economic growth, as already experienced in the twentieth century, to the goals of maintaining and increasing fit well being.The influence of the environment on economic geography was found neglected and remained untouched until capital of Minnesota Krugman re-established the field by publishing his short monograph Geography and Trade in 1991. He showed how mathematical tools know from modern models of international trade theory can be used to explain the distribution of economic activity in geographical space.Aspects of environment on which we depend (mo st often soil, water and atmosphere) become damaged, dirty (pois wholenessd) and depleted. Modern intensive agriculture changes the composition and ecology of soil and water governing bodys, as well as impressing nitrogen and carbon cycle in the environment. The changing environmental phenomenon creates new vistas for developmental and structural mechanisms on one side and restricts the human economic activity on another. Thereby the environmental carrying message is being influenced. The changes in the environmental parameters may be either beneficial or detrimental to the pose and future ecological world and economic scenario, which can very well be categorized in two distinct forms.The planet earth which is unique for presence of life in our solar system is directly and indirectly getting influenced by the supremacy of the most evolutionary-creature called Man i.e. Homo sapiens and the equlibria that had existed since inception, are now getting imbalanced due to exploitativ e activities of human beings. Unrestricted use of fossil fuels, injudicious application of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, rampant deforestation, rapid industrialization, ever growing global population and radioactive state of war have many reasons for changing the wave length of this living earth from green to red in the visual spectrum.a)Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Global wormingThe concentration of carbon dioxide is increasing at geometric procession primarily because of the dependency on the non-renewable form of bio-fuels as more than 80 percent of the global get-up-and-go demand is met from this source and secondarily due to the exhalation of the animal kingdom. The effect of which is remarkable from the increase in the mean global temperature, which we designated as global worming. The increase in carbon dioxide concentration in one hand will definitely help in better photosynthesis resulting in increased assimilation but in other hand, increased concentration le ads to acid rains, which restrict crop growth and severely affect the final yield. Instances of total extinction of established forests have also been observed due to acid rain. The discharge of sulphur dioxide has also increased alarmingly in industrialized nations and particularly in North the States and Europe. The result of which

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

Economics - Essay ExampleTo enhance our perception of the situation let us initiatory brush up on the underlying sparing concepts. First consider the difference between the economic short run and long run. The short run is outlined as that period of time in which at least one input of action is fixed while the long run is defined as the time frame over which all factors of doing be variable. A simple authority to distinguish would be to consider the shifts in the scale of production. In the short run the scale of production is fixed. A particular scale of production is represented by a short run total comprise curve. Again in the long run the scale of production varies. The Long run modal(a) cost curve is an envelope of the infinite number of short run average cost curves. that it is critical to note that the Long run average cost curve by no subject matter an envelope of the minimum points of the short run average cost curves. The individual short run optimums are the min imum points of the short run average cost curves but in the long run the optima veer as the scale of production itself is now variable.The Long run average cost curve is U shaped under traditional assumptions. The falling part is explained by reduction in per unit cost with all factors variable due to efficiency gains of expanding the scale. These are known as scale economies1. Again the upwards rising portion is explained by per unit long run cost rises due to decline in efficiency and is known as diseconomies of scale2.Let us now consider the situation of Engines R Us. In the given situation it produces at the minimum cost-effective scale of production. The minimum efficient scale of production refers to the minimum amount a firm can produce that minimises its long run average be (Varian, 1990). For a continuous and U shaped long run average cost curve, the minimum efficient scale of production is the output level that corresponds to its minimum

Analysis of Art at the Beginning of the 20th Century Assignment

Analysis of Art at the Beginning of the 20th Century - identification ExampleThe analytical deconstruction of form began by the artists at the end of the 19th most notably the cubists century was taken further and forms were exploded or simplified. Artists were searching for a truth beyond a mere visual representation of a scene. Wassily Kandinsky had painted among the German Expressionists and pushed his work to an extreme that could be seen as no longer representational He came back to Russia IN 1914 when the second world war skint out, and later returned to Germany and the Bauhaus when the tension in Russia became too much. In his six-year period, he had a profound influence on Russian modernism, where a certain clean and pared down style came to the fore-a fresh and individual voice encompassed by artists such as Kasimir Malevich and Rodchenko.Form became so minimal that the canvas itself and the negative space took on importance. thither was a distinct flattening of form, a mov e away from texture and simplification. Malevich had created a movement called Suprematism, in which the elements in spite of appearance a work became the most important aspects of the painting. He was clear and logical-his work has the purity of a numerical equation. His works, Morning in the Village after a Snowstorm1912 and Black Square 1913 show firstly his tie in to the Russian countryside and his move towards absolute abstraction.The Russian revolution of 1917 meant that Russia was reborn in a sense and was attain to throw off the Rococo finery of the tsars and develop an artistic identity that was representative of the proletariat. This was one point of enchant apparent in Russia.

Advantages of the current healthcare insurance in the US Essay

Advantages of the current healthcare insurance in the US - demonstrate ExampleReports from Federal Budget and General Accounting Office of USA display the fact that if public health care is implemented then there would be a saving of $100- $200 one million million per year. This is a huge monetary benefit that country can secure for other vocations.The advantage was mum by the Canada organisation long back, in 1971 and they adopted single-payer system. People are a lot happy by adopting this system and they are contentedly enjoying peace of mind as they do not claim to be bothered about their health and care facilities and are not willing to revert back to their old, US-kind of system. The government of Canada knows that in terms of economy they are lagging behind as compared to USA but by adopting universal health insurance they are saving a lot in terms of funds.It is internal to understand that by adopting universal health insurance, single payer universal health care a ddress would decrease due to diminution of administrative cost, as compared to the current US-system of health care facilities where individuals are give around 50-100% more administrative charges, which is a remarkable loss of finances (Battista, McCabe, 1999).By adopting universal health care insurance enhanced management, monetary gains and ease can be accomplished. It is necessary for the citizens of US to piss this understanding and also it is essential that government should make the people aware to dissolve their myths and wrong notions that they have created in their minds and should understand the benefits they will be provided with, for the sake and better prospects of the nation, as we never shop for health it is not a product, but people can enjoy the same kind of facilities at much lower cost. It is essential that government and NGOs must understand the benefits of health insurance and should create public knowingness program through talks and discussions and

A report on the accountability in Shell company in 4 areas of Research Paper

A report on the accountability in Shell keep company in 4 areas of accountability describe and explain each of these selected discommodes and secondly describe how each issue is implemented Shell - Research Paper ExampleShareholders are interested in knowing a familys financial position and whether it is able to earn adequate revenue so that their returns are maximized. Shareholders provide a pedigree with capital, which is invested in valuable assets and are applyd in different ways. If a company does not utilise the capital effectively, it would fail in generating profits as well as in providing returns to shareholders. Similarly, suppliers are also interested in knowing whether a company is able to utilize the materials supplied by them and whether they are financially sound to make payments on time. Employees do not receive their salaries and takings on time if a company fails in generating adequate revenue. Also, they are affected if the firm pursues science and merger r elated activities as this may lead to their shifting or loss of job. A firm also remains accountable to the society and the government in respect of its environmental policies and payment of taxes (Royal Dutch Shell Plc, 2013).Globalization has induced complexity into the world of commerce. Companies are indulging in bureaucratic and wrong activities in order to sustain global completion and make profits. Corporate Social Responsibilities or CSR activities service of process in maintaining fair business practices and makes a company accountable in respect of its activities. Hence, firms are need to prepare CSR reports at definite periodic intervals. Such CSR reports are considered to be important in promoting business integrity, establishing proper regulatory framework and mapping efficiency of business authorities and senior management. For lawyers and accountants, CSR is largely a technical term involving only the accountability of a firm in respect of financial statements. CSR , however, is a broad term comprising several aspects such as, firms responsibility towards the society, environment, government and the common kettle of fish (Frynas, 2005).It is important

Importance of Communication Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Importance of Communication - Research Paper ExampleWith respectfulness to Hindustan Lever Limited (HLL), the company provides dandy example for understanding that how the grocery storeplace scenario had provided decision makers to understand the problems and opportunities and deal them to innovation. Innovation may rake the shape of a unique product, different methods or new glide slope of performing business. It arrives from inside of a company. Successful innovations take place by different outlooks and concepts. HLL had put great deal of efforts to develop innovative approaches and increase sales in the unpolished sad market of India. Generally, the products of international companies are targeted for developed market and the hurt is often beyond the purchasing power of rural citizens. Thus, international companies always market their products for the top level customers in poorer nations. HLL seeks to take the opportunity of making products available for poor consume rs. They seek to reach to the poor customers by research and development approach. HLL observed that to sell their products in the rural market of India there is need to shift from traditional media. In India, there were differences in using the tv media among poor people and thus there was need for more direct and individual approach to impart their message to the poor consumers. The main problem HLL faced for selling the products was illiteracy among poor Indian people. The decision makers had recognized that customers need to be educated first to understand the benefits they can get by using HLL products (Achtmeyer, Hindustan Lever). There was a great opportunity in front of HLL as the food for thought market was strong in India. Food accounts for almost half of all commercial consumptions in India. Indias market was characterized by overwhelming national and social diversity. The HLL market researchers had studied the market of India and learned that majority of food purchas ed by poor people are raw in nature. The food products where made as closely as sold locally. Each food products such as wheat, rice and salt among others have disunite supply chain. As salt was the key input of majority of HLL products, the decision makers had selected salt as purview for market growth (Achtmeyer, Hindustan Lever). HLL entered in the salt market of India by their new product Kissan Annapuna in the year 1995. At that time, 10% of total consumer salt was sold branded. The decision makers had recognized the need for up(p) the customers knowledge. Besides the rural market, the consumers of urban market also purchased unbranded salt. In order to expand their business, HLL gruelling on the urban market to demonstrate the practicality of their branded salt. The demand and production of salt was well in India, thus HLL focused on upgrading the quality of their salt and purity in their products. The major issue for HLL was the price of product as their main competitor was local salt which was inexpensive. The cost of HLL salt was high because it include the shipping expenses, packaging expenses and refinery expenses that were absent in local products.

Quantitative and Analytical Techniques for Managers Coursework Essay

Quantitative and Analytical Techniques for Managers Coursework - Essay ExampleThis indicates that some of the provinces may be very poor while others may be very rich although we still energise to validate this when the data are transformed into sodding(a) regional yield per capita.A standard aside of 759,648.2 million kwai which is very close to the mean value of 892,031.93 million yuan. This indicates a very spicy variability. The high variability is also indicated by the high variance of 5,770,653,964 million yuan.From the perspective of the manager, the mean as measure of central tendency is very useful. However, the mean can mask a situation in which some of the provinces or cases have actually very high or very low changeable values. The mode can be almost useless for ratio data but is very useful for nominal phrase data or variables. The median is extremely useful to identify at what value the universe is divided into 2 equal parts half(prenominal) below the median w hile the other half is supra the median. For instance, in the data supra, the median is 609,110 million yuan versus the mean value of 892,031.93 million yuan or that the median is lower than the mean. This indicates that a few provinces with high values of the gross regional product are raising the mean to be above the median.Given a poverty figure, for example, we can check up on through the median whether at least half of the population are below or above the poverty figure. Another option is to use a measure of reenforcement standard. A median above the living standard would indicate that at least half of the population are above the living standard.For ratio data, it is the belief of this writer that the using both the median and the mean simultaneously would be useful. However, for nominal variables, the identification of central tendency through the mode will the one useful.1.2. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the gross regional product and gross capital is posit ive 0.97408077 versus the perfect correlation of positive 1.

Creative Writing, write a complete story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Creative Writing, write a complete story - Essay ExampleShe moaned softly. Thank deity for plush leather sofas, she said to herself.These parties always went on a few hours longer than they ought. People began to fidget, not knowing whether to render or stay on, they stalled from minute to minute trying to decide whether they indispensablenessed to leave or stay on. The boisterous drunk trying to make conversation for everyone, the depressive ones staring stonily at nothingness, and the sober ones shiftily eyeing each other and the clock on the wall overhead she smiled again, her lips curling up into that ironic twist that had made her so infamous around the office.The Snarky Bitch thats who she was. They thought she didnt know, but she could tell. She could tell from the abrupt stop in conversations when she walked in, the knowing smiles they exchanged when she left, those infuriating little inside-jokes they would express emotion about in her presence. Shed realized right away t hat she was never going to be invite here, and had decided to make it her job to be as abrasive as possible. She wasnt welcome, was she? Well, she didnt want to beShe covered her eyes with her hands and tried to calm down. It had been two months here, she ought to have gotten used to it by now. Fragments of conversation began to float in. She froze and almost involuntarily, began to listen. save of course, metaphysical poetry must necessarily be sympathise in its contextualized framework of the period that is commonly called but it is a gross error to call it so, although this is go around to much debate, something I talk about in my last book, you know. Yes what was I saying? The Renaissance. I misbegot someone like Donne, aspiring courtier, flamboyant in his romances Here the speaker paused to drain his glass, before continuing, But of course, people like Rowling are very over-rated. I mean what has she really contributed beyond some copy and bringing together bits and piec es of

Infrastructure and Security Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Infrastructure and Security - Assignment ExampleThe proposed lucre should make the companys operation effective and efficient. In addition, it should ensure maximum security to the companys information organization assets. Network design There be four net income elements that should be given consideration so that the network organisation meets the companys network remains requirements. These are network topology, the protocol, the internet contact and the network security. The most appropriate network topology for the proposed network system is the bus topology. This is because the company plans to rotate its size to three floors. There will be an ethernet key cable that joints all the departments. The proposed network system applies OSI network technology. This is a network technology that provides standardized communication between various network devices. The OSI 7 layer is the most appropriate version for such a network system. The organization will raise a VPN linkage from the VPN services provide within the town. The twisted pair cable wires are employ to connect the network components to the main Ethernet cable. The most appropriate is CAT 6 twisted pair cables. The backbone Ethernet cable uses fiber optic. To alleviate voice over internet protocol, gatekeepers are added to the network. Other network components demand are the network hardware such as routers, flip-flopes and bridges. A network operating system is also real crucial. The switches are located in every department. A 32 port CISCO switch is the most suitable because it gives room for scalability. All the computers and other network peripherals in the departments connect to the Ethernet cable via the switch. A wireless access point is also installed in the departments which requires wireless network. To ensure that the network signal is very strong, repeaters are configured after a fixed interval. There will be a waiter room where all the servers required in the company will b e located. The servers required are files server, database server, practical application server and web server. The database server should a random access memory of over 100 GB, the store space of over 50 terabytes. The other servers specifications can be less those for the database server. The network operating system will be hosted by the file server. It will also control the change of data and files in the entire network. In addition, the request that goes out of the organizations network will pass through and through the file server to enable firewall, configured therein, to filter. The diagram below shows the layout of the server room (Malik, 2007). The network system will use VLANs and 802.1x authenticity. The bandwidth should be over 100 megabytes per second for the executive offices and at least 10 Mbps for other offices. This is facilitated via network optimization configuration. The use of 100 Mbps provides space to accommodate more devices when the network is expanded. The network scalability is enhanced by use of 48 port CISCO catalyst, which has a speed of over 2900 GB. These devices facilitate the expansion of the network coverage without affecting the entire network. For purpose of reliability, there should be an alternative network configuration which uses smaller switches. The alternative network configuration ensures that the departments that handle critical business operations are functioning when the network system is down. To optimize the ability of the routers and